Trends and key correlates of prescription opioid injection misuse in the United States
Abstract
Background Despite concerns over increasing harms associated with prescription opioid injection misuse, there is a paucity of research on the magnitude, characteristics, injection practices, and syringe sources for people who inject prescription opioids; limiting the implementation of targeted policy and programmatic initiatives.Materials and methods Data from the 2003 through 2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health were used to estimate prescription opioid injection trends and examine risky injection practices and syringe sources for people who inject prescription opioids. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with prescription opioid injection.Results Among people 12years or older, the rate of prescription opioid injection misuse increased from 1.6 per 1000 in 2003-2005 to 2.7 per 1000 in 2012-2014 (p value for trend <0.05). Groups with increased odds of prescription opioid injection included: males, non-Hispanic whites, having an annual household income <$50,000, the uninsured, people with Medicaid, and people with past-year use disorders for cocaine, heroin, or prescription opioids. Risky injection practices such as reusing a needle and sharing needles were common among people with a history of prescription opioid injection misuse.Conclusion This study found significant increases in prescription opioid injection misuse trends in the U.S. These findings underscore the need to bring to scale evidence-based interventions to increase the provision of medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders and expand access to comprehensive risk-reduction services for people who inject drugs.
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Lower levels of income are linked to opioid misuse nationally.
“Other research on pregnant women in the US have shown similar education gradients and higher opioid use below $20,000 annual household income (55) which is consistent with national data linking lower levels of income to opioid misuse (56).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Jones, C. M.
- Affiliations
- George Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Christopher M.
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 78
- Pages
- 145-152
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2769808526
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- opioid misuse, intravenous drug use, needle sharing, needle reuse, opioid use disorder, Medicaid, uninsured population, cocaine dependence, heroin addiction, medication-assisted treatment, drug use trends
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analgesics, Opioid, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, United States, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Age Distribution, Young Adult, Prescription Drug Misuse
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