Structural and functional insights into nuclear receptor signaling
Open accessAbstract
Nuclear receptors are important transcriptional factors that share high sequence identity and conserved domains, including a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a ligand-binding domain (LBD). The LBD plays a crucial role in ligand-mediated nuclear receptor activity. Hundreds of different crystal structures of nuclear receptors have revealed a general mechanism for the molecular basis of ligand binding and ligand-mediated regulation of nuclear receptors. Despite the conserved fold of nuclear receptor LBDs, the ligand-binding pocket is the least conserved region among different nuclear receptor LBDs. Structural comparison and analysis show that several features of the pocket, like the size and also the shape, have contributed to the ligand binding affinity and specificity. In addition, the plastic nature of the ligand-binding pockets in many nuclear receptors provides greater flexibility to further accommodate specific ligands with a variety of conformations. Nuclear receptor coactivators usually contain multiple LXXLL motifs that are used to interact with nuclear receptors. The nuclear receptors respond differently to distinct ligands and readily exchange their ligands in different environments. The conformational flexibility of the AF-2 helix allows the nuclear receptor to sense the presence of the bound ligands, either an agonist or an antagonist, and to recruit the coactivators or corepressors that ultimately determine the transcriptional activation or repression of nuclear receptors.
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Nuclear receptors act as sensors for small intracellular molecules and translate the respective signals to the genomic level.
“In their function, NRs act as a sensor for small intracellular molecules and translate the respective signals to the genomic level.[31]”
From Nuclear receptors in liver fibrosis (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Jin, L., & Li, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Yong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1218-1226
- ISSN
- 0169-409X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2991384
- OpenAlex
- W2036940526
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK081757, R21DK081757)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Keywords
- nuclear receptors, ligand-binding domain, ligand binding, binding pocket, conformational flexibility, transcriptional coactivator, corepressors, LXXLL motif, transcriptional activation, transcriptional repression, ligand specificity, crystal structure
- MeSH terms
- Cell Nucleus, Humans, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Nuclear Proteins, Protein Conformation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Transcription Factors, Molecular Structure, Signal Transduction, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
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