Cited by 383Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationSoil and Water Nutrient Dynamics

The potential of organic fertilizers and water management to reduce N2O emissions in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. A review

Open access
Aguilera, Eduardo, Lassaletta, Luis, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Garnier, Josette, Vallejo, Antonio·2013·Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Abstract

Environmental problems related to the use of synthetic fertilizers and to organic waste management have led to increased interest in the use of organic materials as an alternative source of nutrients for crops, but this is also associated with N2O emissions. There has been an increasing amount of research into the effects of using different types of fertilization on N2O emissions under Mediterranean climatic conditions, but the findings have sometimes been rather contradictory. Available information also suggests that water management could exert a high influence on N2O emissions. In this context, we have reviewed the current scientific knowledge, including an analysis of the effect of fertilizer type and water management on direct N2O emissions.A meta-analysis of compliant reviewed experiments revealed significantly lower N2O emissions for organic as opposed to synthetic fertilizers (23% reduction). When organic materials were segregated in solid and liquid, only solid organic fertilizer emissions were significantly lower than those of synthetic fertilizers (28% reduction in cumulative emissions). The EF is similar to the IPCC factor in conventionally irrigated systems (0.98% N2O-N N applied−1), but one order of magnitude lower in rainfed systems (0.08%). Drip irrigation produces intermediate emission levels (0.66%). Differences are driven by Mediterranean agro-climatic characteristics, which include low soil organic matter (SOM) content and a distinctive rainfall and temperature pattern. Interactions between environmental and management factors and the microbial processes involved in N2O emissions are discussed in detail.Indirect emissions have not been fully accounted for, but when organic fertilizers are applied at similar N rates to synthetic fertilizers, they generally make smaller contributions to the leached NO3− pool. The most promising practices for reducing N2O through organic fertilization include: (i) minimizing water applications; (ii) minimizing bare soil; (iii) improving waste management; and (iv) tightening N cycling through N immobilization. The mitigation potential may be limited by: (i) residual effect; (ii) the long-term effects of fertilizers on SOM; (iii) lower yield-scaled performance; and (iv) total N availability from organic sources. Knowledge gaps identified in the review included: (i) insufficient sampling periods; (ii) high background emissions; (iii) the need to provide N2O EF and yield-scaled EF; (iv) the need for more research on specific cropping systems; and (v) the need for full GHG balances.In conclusion, the available information suggests a potential of organic fertilizers and water-saving practices to mitigate N2O emissions under Mediterranean climatic conditions, although further research is needed before it can be regarded as fully proven, understood and developed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.006

Cites

183 of 183 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

7 of the 190 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Aguilera, E., Lassaletta, L., Sanz-Cobena, A., Garnier, J., & Vallejo, A.
Affiliations
  • Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica y Agroecología (ES)
  • Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
Corresponding author
Aguilera, Eduardo
Venue
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-01
Volume
164
Pages
32-52
ISSN
0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2044801683
Cited by
383
References
190
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 8
FWCI
22.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Hispana (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Spanish Minister of Science and Innovation
  • Autonomous Community of Madrid
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
Keywords
nitrous oxide emissions, nitrous oxide, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizers, water management, Mediterranean climate, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, emission factors, drip irrigation, soil organic matter, nitrogen leaching, soil microbial processes, crop residue management, nitrogen immobilization, soil carbon sequestration

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review