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Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y in Blood Is Associated with Alzheimer Disease
Open accessAbstract
Men have a shorter life expectancy compared with women but the underlying factor(s) are not clear. Late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common and lethal neurodegenerative disorder and many germline inherited variants have been found to influence the risk of developing AD. Our previous results show that a fundamentally different genetic variant, i.e., lifetime-acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells, is associated with all-cause mortality and an increased risk of non-hematological tumors and that LOY could be induced by tobacco smoking. We tested here a hypothesis that men with LOY are more susceptible to AD and show that LOY is associated with AD in three independent studies of different types. In a case-control study, males with AD diagnosis had higher degree of LOY mosaicism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80, p = 0.0184, AD events = 606). Furthermore, in two prospective studies, men with LOY at blood sampling had greater risk for incident AD diagnosis during follow-up time (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.16-21.43, AD events = 140, p = 0.0011). Thus, LOY in blood is associated with risks of both AD and cancer, suggesting a role of LOY in blood cells on disease processes in other tissues, possibly via defective immunosurveillance. As a male-specific risk factor, LOY might explain why males on average live shorter lives than females.
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“However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of CH on Alzheimer’s disease (AD).5,10”
From TET2-mutant myeloid cells mitigate Alzheimer’s disease progression via CNS infiltration and enhanced phagocytosis in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Mosaic chromosomal alterations, including loss of the Y chromosome (LOY), are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia risk [34,44,45].”
From Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential as an Emerging Interdisciplinary Risk Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
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Ocañas, S. R., Ansere, V. A., Tooley, K. B., Hadad, N., Chucair‐Elliott, A. J., Stanford, D. R., Rice, S., Wronowski, B., Pham, K. D., Hoffman, J. M., et al. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02860-0 · Cited by 26
Chromosomal instability and pro-inflammatory response in aging
Barroso‐Vilares, M., & Logarinho, E. (2019) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2019.111118 · Cited by 26
Graßmann, F., Weber, B. H. F., & Veitia, R. A. (2019) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-019-02029-1 · Cited by 25
Dawoud, A. A. Z., Tapper, W., & Cross, N. C. P. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade9746 · Cited by 26
Chromosomal and gonadal factors regulate microglial sex effects in the aging brain
Ocañas, S. R., Ansere, V. A., Kellogg, C. M., Isola, J. V. V., Chucair‐Elliott, A. J., & Freeman, W. M. (2023) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.008 · Cited by 25
Investigation of chromosome Y loss in men with schizophrenia
Hirata, T., Hishimoto, A., Otsuka, I., Okazaki, S., Boku, S., Kimura, A., Horai, T., & Sora, I. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s172886 · Cited by 24
Matatall, K. A., Wathan, T. K., Nguyen, M., Chen, H., McDonald, A., Qi, G., Belk, J. A., Florez, M. A., Le, D. T., Olarinde, T., et al. (2025) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2025.06.006 · Cited by 23
Wójcik, M., Juhas, U., Mohammadi, E., Mattisson, J., Drężek-Chyła, K., Rychlicka-Buniowska, E., Bruhn‐Olszewska, B., Davies, H., Chojnowska, K., Olszewski, P., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60049-y · Cited by 23
Self-citationRaghuram, G. V., Chaudhary, S., Johari, S. D., & Mittra, I. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10060407 · Cited by 22
Kobayashi, T., Hachiya, T., Ikehata, Y., & Horie, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2023.1176451 · Cited by 23
Somatic Mosaicism in Biology and Disease
Ogawa, H., Horitani, K., Izumiya, Y., & Sano, S. (2021) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-040048 · Cited by 22
The role of genetics and epigenetics in sex differences in human survival
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Why Y matters? The implication of loss of Y chromosome in blood and cancer
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Y Chromosome Loss and Implications for Oncology
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Exploring the role of sex differences in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in Down syndrome
Andrews, E. J., Martini, A. C., & Head, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.954999 · Cited by 21
The Y chromosome: male reproduction and beyond
Krausz, C. G., & Abrardo, C. (2025) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2025.03.006 · Cited by 21
Y Chromosome Loss Is a Frequent Event in Barrett’s Adenocarcinoma and Associated with Poor Outcome
Loeser, H., Wölwer, C. B., Alakus, H., Chon, S., Zander, T., Buettner, R., Hillmer, A. M., Bruns, C. J., Schroeder, W., Gebauer, F., et al. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12071743 · Cited by 19
Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y Is Associated With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke
Dorvall, M., Pedersén, A., Dumanski, J. P., Söderholm, M., Lindgren, A. G., Stanne, T. M., & Jern, C. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.043551 · Cited by 19
Self-citationLoss of Chromosome Y and Its Potential Applications as Biomarker in Health and Forensic Sciences
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MADloy: robust detection of mosaic loss of chromosome Y from genotype-array-intensity data
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Glyphosate Use and Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y among Male Farmers in the Agricultural Health Study
Chang, V. C., Zhou, W., Berndt, S. I., Andreotti, G., Yeager, M., Parks, C. G., Sandler, D. P., Rothman, N., Freeman, L. E. B., Machiela, M. J., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp12834 · Cited by 18
Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease
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Tissue mosaicism following stem cell aging: blood as an exemplar
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Why Y? Downregulation of Chromosome Y Genes Potentially Contributes to Elevated Cancer Risk
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dumanski, J. P., Lambert, J.-C., Rasi, C., Giedraitis, V., Davies, H., Grenier-Boley, B., Lindgren, C. M., Campion, D., Dufouil, C., Pasquier, F., Amouyel, P., Lannfelt, L., Ingelsson, M., Kilander, L., Lind, L., & Forsberg, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Inserm (FR)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dumanski, Jan P.
- Forsberg, Lars A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1208-1219
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4908225
- OpenAlex
- W2403642712
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 14.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT098017, 086596, 086596/Z/08/Z, WT064890, WT090532)
- Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-LABX-0009)
- Cancerfonden
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Akademiska Sjukhuset
- Uppsala Universitet
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Keywords
- Y chromosome mosaicism, Alzheimer's disease, sex differences in mortality, blood cells, cancer risk, immune surveillance, smoking, all-cause mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Mosaicism, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, Human, Y
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