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Mosaic Loss of Chromosome Y in Blood Is Associated with Alzheimer Disease
Open accessAbstract
Men have a shorter life expectancy compared with women but the underlying factor(s) are not clear. Late-onset, sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common and lethal neurodegenerative disorder and many germline inherited variants have been found to influence the risk of developing AD. Our previous results show that a fundamentally different genetic variant, i.e., lifetime-acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells, is associated with all-cause mortality and an increased risk of non-hematological tumors and that LOY could be induced by tobacco smoking. We tested here a hypothesis that men with LOY are more susceptible to AD and show that LOY is associated with AD in three independent studies of different types. In a case-control study, males with AD diagnosis had higher degree of LOY mosaicism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80, p = 0.0184, AD events = 606). Furthermore, in two prospective studies, men with LOY at blood sampling had greater risk for incident AD diagnosis during follow-up time (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.16-21.43, AD events = 140, p = 0.0011). Thus, LOY in blood is associated with risks of both AD and cancer, suggesting a role of LOY in blood cells on disease processes in other tissues, possibly via defective immunosurveillance. As a male-specific risk factor, LOY might explain why males on average live shorter lives than females.
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“However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of CH on Alzheimer’s disease (AD).5,10”
From TET2-mutant myeloid cells mitigate Alzheimer’s disease progression via CNS infiltration and enhanced phagocytosis in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Mosaic chromosomal alterations, including loss of the Y chromosome (LOY), are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia risk [34,44,45].”
From Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential as an Emerging Interdisciplinary Risk Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
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Sato, G., Yamamoto, Y., Sonehara, K., Saiki, R., Ojima, T., Kanai, M., Liu, A., Edahiro, R., Shirai, Y., Namba, S., et al. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04213-z · Cited by 6
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Abdel-Hafiz, H. A., Hoelzen, L., & Theodorescu, D. (2026) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-026-00935-x · Cited by 6
Kobayashi, T., Hachiya, T., Lü, Y., Ikehata, Y., China, T., Kawano, H., Nagata, M., Ide, H., Isotani, S., Nojiri, S., et al. (2025) · npj Aging · doi:10.1038/s41514-025-00261-w · Cited by 4
The impact of mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in men of advanced age
Abdallah, F. A., Massih, C. A., Attieh, C., & Chebly, A. (2024) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-024-10133-7 · Cited by 4
Forsberg, L. A. (2018) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-018-0261-9 · Cited by 4
Self-citationSomatic Loss of the Y Chromosome and Alzheimer’s Disease RiskPreprint
Palmer, E. L., Benchek, P. H., Wheeler, N. R., Smieszek, S. P., Naj, A. C., Haines, J. L., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., Forsberg, L. A., Cukier, H. N., Song, Y. E., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516433 · Cited by 4
Self-citationMosaic chromosomal alterations in blood are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease
Naito, T., Hirata, K., Jang, B., Lakhani, C. M., Buonfiglioli, A., Lee, W.-P., Valladares, O., Wang, L.-S., Okada, Y., Won, H.-H., et al. (2025) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.29.25328544 · Cited by 4
Y-chromosome alteration and its impact on cancer progression and metastasis
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Loss of Y chromosome in Alzheimer’s patients co-occurs with somatic mutations beyond CHIP drivers
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Self-citationHuman Y chromosome pan-organ mapping reveals progressive mosaic loss from normal to cancer
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Loss of the Y chromosome in coronary artery disease
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Lin, S., Wang, Y., Hartley, S. W., Karyadi, D. M., Lee, O. W., Zhu, B., Zhou, W., Brown, D. W., Beilstein-Wedel, E. E., Hazra, R., et al. (2021) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002894 · Cited by 3
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Clinicopathological significance of loss of Y chromosome in male meningiomas
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Mosaic loss of Y chromosome associates with lung function, emphysema, and epigenetic aging
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Frailty, mosaic loss of Y chromosome, and mortality in older Chinese males
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dumanski, J. P., Lambert, J.-C., Rasi, C., Giedraitis, V., Davies, H., Grenier-Boley, B., Lindgren, C. M., Campion, D., Dufouil, C., Pasquier, F., Amouyel, P., Lannfelt, L., Ingelsson, M., Kilander, L., Lind, L., & Forsberg, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Inserm (FR)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dumanski, Jan P.
- Forsberg, Lars A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1208-1219
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4908225
- OpenAlex
- W2403642712
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 14.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT098017, 086596, 086596/Z/08/Z, WT064890, WT090532)
- Development of Innovative Strategies for a Transdisciplinary approach to ALZheimer's disease
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11-LABX-0009)
- Cancerfonden
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Akademiska Sjukhuset
- Uppsala Universitet
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Keywords
- Y chromosome mosaicism, Alzheimer's disease, sex differences in mortality, blood cells, cancer risk, immune surveillance, smoking, all-cause mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Mosaicism, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, Human, Y
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