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Population-Based Incidence of Uveal Melanoma in Various Races and Ethnic Groups
Abstract
Purpose To investigate racial/ethnic differences in the development of uveal malignant melanoma in a large population-based study.Design Observational cross-sectional study.Methods With the 1992 to 2000 data that was provided by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates of uveal melanoma in various racial/ethnic groups (black, Asian and Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white). In addition, we calculated the standard incidence ratio (risk ratio) and 95% confidence interval to describe the differences within these racial/ethnic groups.Results From 1992 to 2000, there were a total of 1352 uveal melanomas that were diagnosed in 11 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries with known racial/ethnic groups. The annual age-adjusted incidence (per million population) of uveal melanoma was 0.31 (black), 0.38 (Asian), 1.67 (Hispanic), and 6.02 (non-Hispanic white). The difference in the incidence of uveal melanoma between each racial/ethnic group was highly statistically significant, with the exception of the black versus the Asian population in which there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion The relative risk of uveal melanoma was 1.2 for Asian and Pacific Islander patients, 5.4 for Hispanic patients, and 19.2 for non-Hispanic white patients as compared with the black patients. If the non-Hispanic white population and the Hispanic population were combined, then the overall white:black ratio was 18:1.
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“Incidentally, melanoma is not only associated with UV light exposure but also with European ancestry, occurring at very low rates in Africans, African Americans, and even light-skinned Asians (32)(33)(34).”
From Evidence for recent, population-specific evolution of the human mutation rate (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Melanoma incidence in admixed Hispanics is strongly correlated with European ancestry (33)(34)(35).”
From Evidence for recent, population-specific evolution of the human mutation rate (2015) · cites this paper as [33]
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Recent Advances in Molecular and Genetic Research on Uveal Melanoma
Fuentes-Rodriguez, A., Mitchell, A., Guérin, S. L., & Landreville, S. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13121023 · Cited by 30
“Factors influencing the risk of UM include having fair skin, light-colored eyes, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and specific inherited genetic mutations [18–22].”
BackgroundMoan, J. E., Micu, E., Setlow, R. B., Porojnicu, A. C., Grant, W. B., & Juzeniene, A. (2010) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.2.1.11745 · Cited by 26
Goldenberg, A., Vujic, I., Sanlorenzo, M., & Ortiz‐Urda, S. (2015) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s87645 · Cited by 25
“41”
Differences and Similarities in Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma
Branisteanu, D. E., Porumb‐Andrese, E., Stărică, A., Munteanu, A. C., Toader, M. P., Zemba, M., Porumb, V., Cozmin, M., Moraru, A. D., Nicolescu, A. C., et al. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59050943 · Cited by 25
“Melanoma is rare in non-Whites and several studies have demonstrated that Hispanics and Asians have a lower incidence of both CM and UM while Black individuals have the lowest incidence [17,24,25].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Race on the Incidence of Retinoblastoma
Krishna, S. M., Yu, G., & Finger, P. T. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus · doi:10.3928/01913913-20090903-06 · Cited by 25
Self-citationGlobal Incidence and Trend of Uveal Melanoma from 1943-2015: A Meta-Analysis
Naseripoor, M., Azimi, F., Mirshahi, R., Khakpoor, G., Poorhosseingholi, A., & Chaibakhsh, S. (2022) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.5.1791 · Cited by 24
Chao, S.-C., Huang, S., Hu, D., & Lin, H.-Y. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/817674 · Cited by 24
“Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults in western countries [1].”
BackgroundSelf-citationClinical Patterns of Melanoma in Asians
Chan, K. K.-W., Chan, R. C., Ho, R. S. L., & Chan, J. Y. W. (2016) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000000731 · Cited by 24
Kwon, H. J., Ko, J., Kim, M., Lee, C. S., & Lee, S. C. (2013) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302584 · Cited by 23
More than skin deep: connecting melanocyte pigmentation and angiogenic diseases
Kontos, C. D. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci73559 · Cited by 23
“Marfan syndrome is one of the most researched syndromic associations and is attributed to a wide spectrum of mutations in fibrillin-1, which have been proposed to enhance the bioavailability of TGF-β (2).”
Shibayama, Y., Namikawa, K., Sone, M., Takahashi, A., Tsutsumida, A., Sugawara, S., Arai, Y., Aihara, Y., Suzuki, S., NAKAYAMA, J., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s10147-017-1095-0 · Cited by 22
The rationale for treating uveal melanoma with adjuvant melatonin: a review of the literature
Hagström, A., Omar, R. K., Williams, P. A., & Stålhammar, G. (2022) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-022-09464-w · Cited by 22
Disparities in Uveal Melanoma: Patient Characteristics
Nichols, E. E., Richmond, A. J., & Daniels, A. B. (2016) · Seminars in Ophthalmology · doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154176 · Cited by 20
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Melanoma
Bourgeois, A. C., Chang, T. T., Fish, L. M., & BRADLEY, Y. C. (2013) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2013.06.004 · Cited by 19
Uveal Melanoma: Identifying Immunological and Chemotherapeutic Targets to Treat Metastases
Jager, M. J., Doğrusöz, M., & Woodman, S. E. (2017) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.22608/apo.201782 · Cited by 19
Luo, J., Chen, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, Y., Zhao, H., Dong, L., Xu, J., Li, Y., & Wei, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.777142 · Cited by 19
“The exclusion criteria were: (1) age<18 years, (2) received other therapies, (3) alive and had a follow-up time of fewer than 4 years, (4) the third follow-up time was more than 3 years, (5) filled follow-up time was later than the time of outcome, (6) had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.”
BackgroundParthenolide inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human uveal melanoma cells
Che, S. (2019) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2019.10.03 · Cited by 18
Chen, M. (2020) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2020.04.11 · Cited by 17
Receiver operating characteristic analysis
Klingenstein, A., Haritoglou, I., Schaumberger, M. M., Nentwich, M. M., Hein, R., & Schaller, U. C. (2011) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0b013e328347105e · Cited by 17
Cytogenetics and prognosis for uveal melanoma in Korean patients
Lee, C. S., Lee, J., Choi, J. J., Yang, W. I., Yoon, J. S., Lee, S. Y., & Lee, S. C. (2011) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02099.x · Cited by 17
“However, our study suggests that the prognosis for Korean patients e313 with uveal melanoma is at least not worse than that reported for Caucasians.”
BackgroundInfluentialBi, M., Hose, N., Xu, C., Zhang, C., Sassoon, J., & Song, E. (2016) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2016/8734309 · Cited by 17
Tan, Y., Pan, J., Deng, Z., Chen, T., Xia, J., Liu, Z., Zou, C., & Qin, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161960 · Cited by 16
“UM, a rare malignancy is most common in non-Hispanic whites with lighter skin and blue eyes (5).”
BackgroundThe Future of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Uveal Melanoma: A Narrative Review
Wang, J., Li, Z., & Yin, H. (2024) · Ophthalmology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40123-024-00913-2 · Cited by 16
“The incidence of UM varies by race, with significantly greater incidence in White people than in Asian or Black people [3].”
BackgroundZhang, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, K., Hui, S., Feng, Y., Luo, J., Li, Y., & Wei, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.713209 · Cited by 16
“The prevalence in Asian populations is about (0.1–0.6)/1,000,000 (Hu et al., 2005; Stang et al., 2005; Park et al., 2015; Tomizuka et al., 2017), which is much lower than that in the non-Hispanic white population (Hu et al., 2005), the FIGURE 8 | U-NET was used to extract iris regions from…”
MethodInfluentialKashyap, S., Venkatesh, P., Sen, S., Khanduja, S., Shrey, D., Tinwala, S. I., & Garg, S. P. (2013) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-013-9821-8 · Cited by 16
Park, S. J., Oh, C., Yeon, B., Cho, H., & Park, K. H. (2017) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20077 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, D.-N., Yu, G.-P., McCormick, S. A., Schneider, S., & Finger, P. T.
- Affiliations
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
- New York Medical College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Dan-Ning
- Venue
- American Journal of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 612.e1-612.e8
- ISSN
- 0002-9394 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061857205
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Oncology and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Keywords
- uveal melanoma, racial and ethnic differences, cancer incidence, age-adjusted incidence, Hispanic population, Asian and Pacific Islander populations, Black population, non-Hispanic whites, SEER database, relative risk
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Risk Factors, United States, Uveal Neoplasms, Incidence, SEER Program, Racial Groups
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