SMFM Consult Series #46: Evaluation and management of polyhydramnios
Open accessAbstract
Polyhydramnios, or hydramnios, is an abnormal increase in the volume of amniotic fluid. Identification of polyhydramnios should prompt a search for an underlying etiology. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the evaluation and management of polyhydramnios.
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Claims the paper makes
2 of 88 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Metaanalyses of indomethacin therapy for preterm labor have associated this treatment with an increased risk for other neonatal morbidities, including intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
“In addition, metaanalyses of indomethacin therapy for preterm labor have associated this treatment with an increased risk for other neonatal morbidities, including intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and necrotizing enterocolitis.38,39”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [38] Amin, 2007, Metaanalysis of the effect of antenatal indomethacin on neonatal outcomes, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
The Results report increased risks of periventricular leukomalacia and, with recent antenatal exposure, necrotizing enterocolitis. They explicitly report no association with intraventricular hemorrhage, so the claim is not supported for that morbidity. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [39] Hammers, 2015, Antenatal exposure to indomethacin increases the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and periventricular leukomalacia: a systematic review with metaanalysis, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- Findingcitation
Use of color Doppler decreased the frequency of diagnosis of polyhydramnios without a change in pregnancy outcomes compared with grayscale assessment.
“A recent study comparing fluid assessment with and without color Doppler found that compared with grayscale assessment, use of color Doppler decreased the frequency of diagnosis of polyhydramnios without a change in pregnancy outcomes.19”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [19] Odibo, 2017, Addition of color doppler sonography for detection of amniotic fluid disturbances and its implications on perinatal outcomes, J Ultrasound Med source
- Findingcitation
In a recent review of 138 singleton pregnancies with polyhydramnios in which amnioreduction was performed for maternal abdominal pain or dyspnea, only 16% of cases were considered idiopathic.
“In a recent review of 138 singleton pregnancies with polyhydramnios in which amnioreduction was performed for maternal abdominal pain or dyspnea, only 16% of cases were considered idiopathic.7”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Dickinson, 2014, Amnioreduction in the management of polyhydramnios complicating singleton pregnancies, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- Findingcitation
Amniotic fluid glucose concentration often correlates with amniotic fluid volume.
“amniotic fluid glucose concentration often correlates with the amniotic fluid volume.28e30”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 28e30
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Findingcitation
Several groups of investigators, 2 in case-control studies and 1 in a retrospective cohort investigation, have identified no increase in rates of stillbirth or neonatal death associated with idiopathic polyhydramnios.
“Several groups of investigators, 2 in case-control studies and 1 in a retrospective cohort investigation, have identified no increase in rates of stillbirth or neonatal death associated with idiopathic polyhydramnios.2,15,42”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [2] Khan, 2017, Outcome of pregnancy in women diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
- cites [42] Panting-Kemp, 1999, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and perinatal outcome, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- Findingcitation
Panting-Kemp et al reported a higher rate of cesarean delivery for failure to progress in patients with idiopathic polyhydramnios.
“Panting-Kemp et al 42 reported a higher rate of cesarean delivery for failure to progress in patients with idiopathic polyhydramnios.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [42] Panting-Kemp, 1999, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and perinatal outcome, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- Findingcitation
In one study, the residual risk that an abnormality would be detected in the immediate neonatal period ranged from 1% with mild polyhydramnios to >10% with severe polyhydramnios.
“In one study, the residual risk that an abnormality would be detected in the immediate neonatal period ranged from 1% with mild polyhydramnios to >10% with severe polyhydramnios 9 (Table 2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Dashe, 2002, Hydramnios: anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection, Obstet Gynecol source
- Premisenone given
Most cases of mild polyhydramnios are idiopathic.
“Although most cases of mild polyhydramnios are idiopathic”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Although mild polyhydramnios is most commonly idiopathic”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked- cites [1] Biggio, 1999, Hydramnios prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, Obstet Gynecol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [10] Golan, 1993, Hydramnios in singleton pregnancy: sonographic prevalence and etiology, Gynecol Obstet Invest source
- cites [14] Many, 1995, The association between polyhydramnios and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
- Premisecitation
Using a recent nomogram, 24 cm exceeds the 97.5th percentile for all gestational ages between 20-42 weeks.
“Using a recent nomogram, 24 cm exceeds the 97.5th percentile for all gestational ages between 20e42 weeks.21”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [21] Machado, 2007, Curve of amniotic fluid index measurements in low-risk pregnancy, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand source
- Premisecitation
The likelihood of an underlying fetal abnormality is significantly higher with greater degrees of polyhydramnios.
“The likelihood of an underlying fetal abnormality is significantly higher with greater degrees of polyhydramnios.3,9,14,23”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [9] Dashe, 2002, Hydramnios: anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [14] Many, 1995, The association between polyhydramnios and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [23] Lazebnik, 1999, The severity of polyhydramnios, estimated fetal weight and preterm delivery are independent risk factors for the presence of congenital anomalies, Gynecol Obstet Invest source
- Premisenone given
Physiologically, the fluid increase in many cases can be attributed to impaired fetal swallowing or overproduction of fetal urine due to a high-output cardiac state, renal abnormality, or osmotic fetal diuresis.
“Physiologically, the fluid increase in many of these cases can be attributed to 1 of 2 mechanisms: (1) impaired fetal swallowing, or (2) overproduction of fetal urine due to a highoutput cardiac state, renal abnormality, or osmotic fetal diuresis (Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Other studies have also demonstrated that women with pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios are significantly more likely to undergo a cesarean delivery, with rates ranging from 35-55%.
“Other studies have also demonstrated that women with pregnancies complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios are significantly more likely to undergo a cesarean delivery, with rates ranging from 35e55%.2e4,16”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 2e4,16
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings have been reported to be more frequent with polyhydramnios by some, but not all, investigators.
“Nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracings have been reported to be more frequent with polyhydramnios by some, 3 but not all, investigators.4,41”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [4] Odibo, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol source
- cites [41] 2016, Fetal macrosomia. Practice bulletin no. 173, Obstet Gynecol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Labor in the presence of polyhydramnios has been reported to be complicated by fetal nonvertex presentation, with rates increasing as the severity of polyhydramnios increases.
“Labor in the presence of polyhydramnios has been reported to be complicated by fetal nonvertex presentation, with rates increasing as the severity of polyhydramnios increases.24,42,45”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [24] Luo, 2017, Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: a multicenter observational study, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
- cites [42] Panting-Kemp, 1999, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and perinatal outcome, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [45] Zeino, 2017, Delivery outcomes of term pregnancy complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios, J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod source
- Premisecitation
There is an increased rate of structural abnormalities or genetic syndromes in the neonate following a gestation complicated by apparently idiopathic polyhydramnios.
“As previously noted, there is an increased rate of structural abnormalities or genetic syndromes in the neonate following a gestation complicated by apparently idiopathic polyhydramnios.2,3,15,43”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [2] Khan, 2017, Outcome of pregnancy in women diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol source
- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
- cites [43] Pilliod, 2015, The risk of fetal death in nonanomalous pregnancies affected by polyhydramnios, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- Premisecitation
An increased risk of operative vaginal delivery in the presence of polyhydramnios has also been reported.
“An increased risk of operative vaginal delivery in the presence of polyhydramnios has also been reported.46”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] Aviram, 2015, Association of isolated polyhydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation and pregnancy outcome, Obstet Gynecol source
- Premisecitation
In cases with severe polyhydramnios that results in maternal respiratory compromise such that amnioreduction is considered, an underlying fetal abnormality is usually present.
“Overall, in cases with severe polyhydramnios that results in maternal respiratory compromise such that amnioreduction is considered, an underlying fetal abnormality is usually present.5,7”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
The underlying risk that a structural or genetic abnormality will be discovered postnatally in a pregnancy associated with apparently idiopathic polyhydramnios ranges from 9% in the neonatal period to as high as 28% when infants were followed up to 1 year of age.
“The underlying risk that a structural or genetic abnormality will be discovered postnatally in a pregnancy associated with apparently idiopathic polyhydramnios ranges from 9% in the neonatal period to as high as 28% when infants were followed up to 1 year of age.5,16”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- May combine two claims. 21
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 11
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIdiopathic polyhydramnios may be associated with macrosomia, and fetal growth restriction associated with polyhydramnios presents a high risk for an underlying fetal abnormality, including trisomy 13 or 18.
“It is important to assess fetal growth because idiopathic polyhydramnios may be associated with macrosomia, and fetal growth restriction associated with polyhydramnios presents a high risk for an underlying fetal abnormality, including trisomy 13 or 18. 31,32”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites [31] Narayan, 2016, Diagnosis of antenatal Bartter syndrome, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol source
The Abstract and Discussion (page numbers unavailable) describe antenatal Bartter syndrome as a possible underlying condition when polyhydramnios occurs with fetal growth restriction. They do not support an association between idiopathic polyhydramnios and macrosomia, quantify a high risk of fetal abnormality, or identify trisomy 13 or 18 as causes in this setting. The Case Report mentions those trisomies only as conditions for which screening returned a low risk. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites [32] Sickler, 1997, Polyhydramnios and fetal intrauterine growth restriction: ominous combination, J Ultrasound Med source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn the study by Odibo et al, the DVP technique identified more cases of polyhydramnios than the AFI, which was normal (<24 cm) in all cases in their cohort diagnosed with polyhydramnios based on a DVP of 8 cm.
“In the previously cited study by Odibo et al, 19 the researchers noted that the DVP technique identified more cases of polyhydramnios than the AFI, which was normal (<24 cm) in all cases in their cohort diagnosed with polyhydramnios based on a DVP of 8 cm.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [19] Odibo, 2017, Addition of color doppler sonography for detection of amniotic fluid disturbances and its implications on perinatal outcomes, J Ultrasound Med source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationThe authors found that the ongoing risk of fetal demise was greater in otherwise low-risk pregnancies affected by polyhydramnios at all gestational ages, with the greatest increase in risk seen at term.
“Acknowledging the limitations of birth certificate data, including a lack of information on the degree of polyhydramnios, the authors found that the ongoing risk of fetal demise was greater in otherwise low-risk pregnancies affected by polyhydramnios at all gestational ages, with the greatest increase in risk seen at term.43”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] Pilliod, 2015, The risk of fetal death in nonanomalous pregnancies affected by polyhydramnios, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationThey also observed a substantial (85 times) increase in fetal deaths with moderate or severe polyhydramnios, although there were only 2 fetal deaths in this group as well.
“They also observed a substantial (85 times) increase in fetal deaths with moderate or severe polyhydramnios, although there were only 2 fetal deaths in this group as well.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24] Luo, 2017, Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: a multicenter observational study, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn a retrospective case-controlled study, Zeino et al demonstrated that the first stage of labor was prolonged in the presence of polyhydramnios and that the rate of amniotomy was significantly increased.
“In a retrospective case-controlled study, Zeino et al 45 demonstrated that the first stage of labor was prolonged in the presence of polyhydramnios and that the rate of amniotomy was significantly increased.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] Zeino, 2017, Delivery outcomes of term pregnancy complicated by idiopathic polyhydramnios, J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
FindingcitationIn 2015, Pilliod et al used birth certificate data to review >1.8 million singleton nonanomalous births in California, of which 0.4% were identified to have polyhydramnios.
“In 2015, Pilliod et al 43 used birth certificate data to review >1.8 million singleton nonanomalous births in California, of which 0.4% were identified to have polyhydramnios.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] Pilliod, 2015, The risk of fetal death in nonanomalous pregnancies affected by polyhydramnios, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn a study of >100,000 term pregnancies in China, in which the prevalence of idiopathic polyhydramnios was 0.3%, Luo et al reported 2 (0.7%) fetal deaths with mild idiopathic polyhydramnios, which was 17 times higher than the background rate.
“In a study of >100,000 term pregnancies in China, in which the prevalence of idiopathic polyhydramnios was 0.3%, Luo et al 24 reported 2 (0.7%) fetal deaths with mild idiopathic polyhydramnios, which was 17 times higher than the background rate.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24] Luo, 2017, Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: a multicenter observational study, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn one recent report, polyhydramnios resolved in more than one third of cases and was more likely to resolve when the initial AFI was lower.
“In one recent report, polyhydramnios resolved in more than one third of cases and was more likely to resolve when the initial AFI was lower.4”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] Odibo, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThere is a risk of identification of an underlying fetal abnormality or genetic syndrome after delivery in idiopathic polyhydramnios; this risk varies with the degree of polyhydramnios.
“There is also a risk of identification of an underlying fetal abnormality or genetic syndrome after delivery; this risk varies with the degree of polyhydramnios.5,9,16”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [5] Abele, 2012, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and postnatal abnormalities, Fetal Diagn Ther source
- cites [9] Dashe, 2002, Hydramnios: anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [16] Dorleijn, 2009, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and postnatal findings, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationThe association with preterm birth has not been reported with idiopathic polyhydramnios, likely in part because a larger proportion of idiopathic cases are mild.
“association with preterm birth has not been reported with idiopathic polyhydramnios, likely in part because a larger proportion of idiopathic cases are mild (approximately 80% overall and 90% at term).15,24”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe degree of polyhydramnios is frequently categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, based on an AFI of 24.0-29.9 cm, 30.0-34.9 cm, and ≥35 cm, or a DVP of 8-11 cm, 12-15 cm, or ≥16 cm, respectively.
“The degree of polyhydramnios is frequently categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, based on an AFI of 24.0e29.9cm, 30.0e34.9 cm, and 35 cm, or a DVP of 8e11 cm, 12e15 cm, or 16 cm, respectively.3,4,9,23e25”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 3,4,9,23e25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationResearch studies have generally selected 25 cm as the threshold for polyhydramnios.
“However, research studies have generally selected 25 cm as the threshold for polyhydramnios.1,2,9,22e24”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 1,2,9,22e24
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIn term pregnancies, the prevalence of idiopathic polyhydramnios is reported to be 0.3%.
“In term pregnancies, the prevalence of idiopathic polyhydramnios is reported to be 0.3%.24”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24] Luo, 2017, Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: a multicenter observational study, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAffected women with idiopathic polyhydramnios are more likely to undergo cesarean delivery and to have infants weighing >4000 g.
“Affected women are more likely to undergo cesarean delivery and to have infants weighing >4000 g. 2e4,15”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 2e4,15
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationWith AFI, the threshold for polyhydramnios is generally considered to be 24 cm or 25 cm, depending on whether a 95th or 97th percentile is selected.
“With AFI, the threshold is generally considered to be 24 cm or 25 cm, depending on whether a 95th or 97th percentile is selected.17,20”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [17] Phelan, 1987, Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks’ gestation, J Reprod Med
- cites [20] Moore, 1990, The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIdiopathic polyhydramnios is usually detected in the third trimester, at a mean gestational age of 31-36 weeks in various series.
“Idiopathic polyhydramnios is usually detected in the third trimester, at a mean gestational age of 31e36 weeks in various series.4,5,15,16”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [4] Odibo, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol source
- cites [5] Abele, 2012, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and postnatal abnormalities, Fetal Diagn Ther source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
- cites [16] Dorleijn, 2009, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and postnatal findings, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIdiopathic polyhydramnios accounts for approximately 60-70% of cases of polyhydramnios in published series and is identified in nearly 1% of pregnancies.
“Idiopathic polyhydramnios accounts for approximately 60e70% of cases of polyhydramnios in published series and is identified in nearly 1% of pregnancies.1,3,10,14,15”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked- cites [1] Biggio, 1999, Hydramnios prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, Obstet Gynecol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [10] Golan, 1993, Hydramnios in singleton pregnancy: sonographic prevalence and etiology, Gynecol Obstet Invest source
- cites [14] Many, 1995, The association between polyhydramnios and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationLarge (≥5 cm) placental chorioangiomas have been associated with NIHF and with polyhydramnios.
“Small placental chorioangiomas are relatively common and rarely cause pregnancy complications, but large (5 cm) chorioangiomas have been associated with NIHF and with polyhydramnios.26,27”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationWhen the single DVP is used, polyhydramnios is defined as a measurement of 8.0 cm.
“When the single DVP is used, polyhydramnios is defined as a measurement of 8.0 cm.1e7”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 1e7
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn pregnancies with an identified underlying etiology, the degree of polyhydramnios is associated with an increased likelihood of preterm delivery, a small-for-gestational age infant, macrosomia, and perinatal mortality.
“In pregnancies with an identified underlying etiology, the degree of polyhydramnios is associated with an increased likelihood of preterm delivery, a small-for-gestational age infant, macrosomia, and perinatal mortality.3”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationUsing these definitions, mild polyhydramnios accounts for approximately 65-70% of cases, moderate polyhydramnios for 20%, and severe polyhydramnios for <15%.
“Using these definitions, mild polyhydramnios accounts for approximately 65e70% of cases, moderate polyhydramnios for 20%, and severe polyhydramnios for <15%.3,9,14”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [3] Pri-Paz, 2012, Maximal amniotic fluid index as a prognostic factor in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [9] Dashe, 2002, Hydramnios: anomaly prevalence and sonographic detection, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [14] Many, 1995, The association between polyhydramnios and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIdiopathic polyhydramnios is associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission in some series but not others; this is most commonly due to transient tachypnea of the newborn.
“Idiopathic polyhydramnios is also associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission in some series 2,15 but not others 24,42 ; this is most commonly due to transient tachypnea of the newborn.4”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked- cites [2] Khan, 2017, Outcome of pregnancy in women diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
- cites [24] Luo, 2017, Idiopathic polyhydramnios at term and pregnancy outcomes: a multicenter observational study, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med source
- cites [42] Panting-Kemp, 1999, Idiopathic polyhydramnios and perinatal outcome, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [4] Odibo, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: persistence across gestation and impact on pregnancy outcomes, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAn increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage has been inconsistently reported; Wiegand et al reported a greater risk for postpartum hemorrhage even in the presence of mild polyhydramnios, while Luo et al did not.
“Likewise, an increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage has been inconsistently reported; Wiegand et al 15 reported a greater risk for postpartum hemorrhage even in the presence of mild polyhydramnios, while Luo et al 24 did not.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPolyhydramnios severe enough to cause maternal respiratory compromise, significant discomfort, or preterm labor often has an underlying etiology, whereas idiopathic polyhydramnios, because it is usually mild and does not present until the mid-third trimester, does not typically require treatment.
“Polyhydramnios severe enough to cause maternal respiratory compromise, significant discomfort, or preterm labor often has an underlying etiology, whereas idiopathic polyhydramnios, because it is usually mild and does not present until the mid-third trimester, does not typically require treatment.7”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Dickinson, 2014, Amnioreduction in the management of polyhydramnios complicating singleton pregnancies, Am J Obstet Gynecol source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe overall prevalence of birthweight >4000 g across the United States is 8%.
“This is in contrast to the overall prevalence of birthweight >4000 g across the United States of 8%.40,41”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [40] Hamilton, 2015, Births: final data for 2014, Natl Vital Stat Rep
- cites [41] 2016, Fetal macrosomia. Practice bulletin no. 173, Obstet Gynecol
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBecause larger fetuses have higher urine output, and fetal urine is the largest contributor to amniotic fluid volume, mild polyhydramnios in these cases is likely to be physiologic.
“Because larger fetuses have higher urine output, and fetal urine is the largest contributor to amniotic fluid volume, mild polyhydramnios in these cases is likely to be physiologic.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPreterm infants exposed to indomethacin in utero have decreased neonatal urine output and elevated serum creatinine concentrations, which have in some cases persisted for weeks.
“However, preterm infants exposed to indomethacin in utero have been shown to have decreased neonatal urine output and elevated serum creatinine concentrations, which have in some cases persisted for weeks.36,37”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [36] Butler-O’Hara, 2002, Risk of persistent renal insufficiency in premature infants following the prenatal use of indomethacin for suppression of preterm labor, J Perinatol source
- cites [37] Norton, 1993, Neonatal complications after the administration of indomethacin for preterm labor, N Engl J Med source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPreterm delivery rates are not generally increased with idiopathic polyhydramnios (which is usually mild) but is associated with more severe polyhydramnios.
“Preterm delivery rates are not generally increased with idiopathic polyhydramnios (which is usually mild) but is associated with more severe polyhydramnios.2,14,15”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [2] Khan, 2017, Outcome of pregnancy in women diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios, Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol source
- cites [14] Many, 1995, The association between polyhydramnios and preterm delivery, Obstet Gynecol source
- cites [15] Wiegand, 2016, Idiopathic polyhydramnios: severity and perinatal morbidity, Am J Perinatol source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationWith diabetes, maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperglycemia, with subsequent osmotic diuresis into the amniotic fluid compartment.
“With diabetes, it is hypothesized that maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperglycemia, with subsequent osmotic diuresis into the amniotic fluid compartment.This hypothesis is supported by the observation that amniotic fluid glucose concentration often correlates with the amniotic fluid volume.28e30”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites 28e30
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
The paper relies on this without support.
The 2 most common pathologic causes of polyhydramnios are maternal diabetes mellitus and fetal anomalies.
“the 2 most common pathologic causes are maternal diabetes mellitus and fetal anomalies”
The paper relies on this without support.
Other causes of polyhydramnios include congenital infection and alloimmunization.
“Other causes of polyhydramnios include congenital infection and alloimmunization.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Idiopathic polyhydramnios is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a predisposing condition may become evident with advancing gestation or after delivery.
“Idiopathic polyhydramnios is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a predisposing condition may become evident with advancing gestation or after delivery.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Polyhydramnios usually recurs after amnioreduction, making its efficacy somewhat limited.
“In addition, polyhydramnios usually recurs after amnioreduction, making its efficacy somewhat limited.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Indomethacin decreases fetal urine production.
“Indomethacin, which is often used for tocolysis, decreases fetal urine production.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no evidence to indicate that isolated polyhydramnios is associated with poor placental function.
“Antepartum fetal surveillance is performed in pregnancies at risk for uteroplacental insufficiency, and there is no evidence to indicate that isolated polyhydramnios is associated with poor placental function.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Although antepartum surveillance is often performed in this setting, there are no data to suggest that such assessment decreases perinatal mortality.
“Although antepartum surveillance is often performed in this setting, there are no data to suggest that such assessment decreases perinatal mortality.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There are no data to suggest that induction of labor or preterm delivery are associated with an improved outcome in the setting of mild idiopathic polyhydramnios.
“Likewise, there are no data to suggest that induction of labor or preterm delivery are associated with an improved outcome in the setting of mild idiopathic polyhydramnios.”
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Indications for Outpatient Antenatal Fetal Surveillance
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Pregnancy-Related Complications in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study
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InfluentialAssociation of Gestational Age with Postpartum Hemorrhage: An International Cohort Study
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Too Much of a Good Thing: Updated Current Management and Perinatal Outcomes of Polyhydramnios
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Mechanical stress can regulate temporomandibular joint cavitation via signalling pathways
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Can prenatal ultrasound predict adverse neonatal outcomes in SARS-CoV-2–affected pregnancies?
Mei, J. Y., Mok, T., Cambou, M. C., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101028 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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“In severe polyhydramnios cases, fetal abnormality risk is 20%–40%, while neonatal abnormality risk is 10%.(3) IP increases the possibility of adverse perinatal outcomes.”
Pagan, M., Strebeck, R., Dajani, N. K., Sandlin, A. T., Ounpraseuth, S., Manning, N., & Magann, E. F. (2023) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s386567 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“9), and that delivery should be allowed to occur spontaneously at term.(5) Due to the association of idiopathic polyhydramnios and an overall 2–5 fold increase in perinatal mortality, other investigators recommend antenatal testing anytime polyhydramnios (mild, moderate, or severe) is diagnosed after 32 weeks.”
Understanding Preterm Birth in Pregnancies Complicated by Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Swanson, K., Norton, M. E., Downum, S. L., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/a-2008-2495 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Moderate‐to‐Severe Polyhydramnios
Qureshey, E. J., Bicocca, M. J., Chauhan, S. P., Nowlen, C., Soto, E. E., Sibai, B. M., & Stafford, I. (2022) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/jum.15970 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Amniotic fluid: its role in fetal development and beyond
Crosland, A., Hedges, M. A., Ryan, K. S., D'Mello, R. J., McCarty, O. J. T., Malhotra, S. V., Spindel, E. R., Shorey‐Kendrick, L. E., Scottoline, B. P., & Lo, J. O.-T. (2025) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/s41372-025-02313-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Whittington, J. R., Chauhan, S. P., Wendel, M. P., Ghahremani, T., Pagan, M., Carter, M. M., & Magann, E. F. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13164702 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“ACOG and SMFM note that delivery for mild polyhydramnios should not be recommended before 39 weeks of gestation and recommend individualization of delivery timing for moderate to severe polyhydramnios [42,73].”
InfluentialPolyhydramnios and Oligohydramnios
Beloosesky, R., & Ross, M. G. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119636540.ch39 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hutson, J. R., Siu, V. M., & Rupar, C. A. (2022) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2022.01.011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Toscano, M. A., Burhans, K., Mack, L. M., Henderson, S., Koltz, P. F., Girotto, J. A., & Thornburg, L. L. (2020) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/1055665620968717 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…swallowing difficulties (ie, neuromuscular or brain disorders, obstructing masses, or structural interruptions of the esophagus) are known to have smaller stomachs and larger amniotic fluid volumes because of the disruption of the normal cycle of amniotic fluid production (Dashe et al., 2018).”
Educational Case: Intrauterine Fetal Demise and Intestinal Atresia: An Autopsy Investigation
Kuan, K., & Reznik, S. E. (2020) · Academic Pathology · doi:10.1177/2374289520909498 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Furthermore, studies have shown that the severity of polyhydramnios directly correlates with the risk of prenatal abnormality as well as antepartum complications, such as the increased risk for premature delivery.(4) Considering these findings, intramuscular corticosteroid administration is given in anticipation of a…”
Land, S., Flohr, S. J., Mathew, L., et al. (2025) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000546160 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kraus, A. C., Kucirka, L. M., Shah, H. R., Prieto, J. C., Stringer, J. S. A., Chescheir, N. C., Manuck, T. A., & Boggess, K. (2024) · Reproductive Female and Child Health · doi:10.1002/rfc2.70001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Induction of labor in term pregnancies with isolated polyhydramnios: Is it beneficial or harmful?
Lerner, Y., Peled, T., Priner, S., Rotem, R., Sela, H. Y., Grisaru‐Granovsky, S., & Rottenstreich, M. (2024) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.15527 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“1,13 IOL at term is becoming increasingly common in obstetric practice.”
Roberts, A. W., Hotra, J. W., Soto, E. E., Pedroza, C., Sibai, B. M., Blackwell, S. C., & Chauhan, S. P. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101373 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dermitzaki, N., Loukopoulos, T., Zikopoulos, A., et al. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.50331 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Induction of labor versus expectant management in patients with idiopathic polyhydramnios
Schoen, C. N., Backley, S., Orr, L. C., Roy, A., Corlin, T., & Knee, A. B. (2023) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.11.031 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Maternal outcomes of a cohort of pregnancies affected by non‐immune hydrops fetalis
Critchlow, E., Wodoslawsky, S., Makhamreh, M. M., Rice, S. M., Turan, O. M., Firman, B., McLaren, R. A., Araji, S., & Al‐Kouatly, H. B. (2023) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.15207 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liu, X.-J., Wang, J.-M., Luo, W.-Y., Wang, Q., Liu, Z.-S., Wang, H., Liu, S.-L., & Hu, T. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05884-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“However, the underlying mechanism is unclear [28, 29].”
Polyhydramnios associated with congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis: A case report
Choi, M. G., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, J. W., et al. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031630 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bogdanet, D., Castillo, M. T., Doheny, H. C., Dervan, L., Luque-Fernández, M. Á., Halperin, J. A., O’Shea, P. M., & Dunne, F. (2022) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-022-01983-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Polyhydramnios was diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index measured is greater than 24cm on foetal ultrasound on one or more occasion [29, 30].”
Drapeau, L., Beaumier, M., Esbelin, J., Comoz, F., Figueres, L., Piccoli, G. B., & Kervella, D. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11195725 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The polyhydramnios may also have been of multifactorial origin; while diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of polyhydramnios, elevated urea levels may also play a role [28].”
Advances in prenatal diagnosis of fetal otocephaly by 3D imaging
Kinkel, J., Rduch, T., Abgottspon, D., et al. (2022) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2022-249276 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gámez‐Varela, A., Martínez‐Rodríguez, M., López‐Briones, H., et al. (2021) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000514912 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Predicting poor outcomes and the need for surgical treatment in neonates with meconium peritonitis
Feng, Y., Zheng, H., Zhang, G.-L., et al. (2019) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.5608 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Comparison of automated vs. manual measurement to estimate fetal weight in isolated polyhydramnios
Eroğlu, H., Örgül, G., Avcı, E., et al. (2019) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2019-0083 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Isolated Polyhydramnios: diagnosis should be made based on both elevated AFI and elevated MVP
Petrecca, A., Nguyen, V., Bracken, L., Bellussi, F., Chauhan, S. P., Ghi, T., & Berghella, V. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102037 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Amniotic Fluid Index Versus Maximum Vertical Pocket Versus Both for Polyhydramnios
Petrecca, A., Chauhan, S. P., Tersigni, C., Ghi, T., & Berghella, V. (2026) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.70139 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Leeves, L. T., Michelsen, T. M., Jacobsen, A. F., et al. (2025) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70060 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…or amniotic fluid index 5 cm. 26,30 Polyhydramnios is defined as a single deepest pocket of amniotic fluid ≥8 cm or amniotic fluid index ≥24 cm. 31 • IUGR after 37 gestational weeks is recommended IOL if the estimated fetal weight is 5th percentile, oligohydramnios is present, or there is…”
Sgayer, I., Haddad, Y., Francis, Y. N., Tuma, R., Lowenstein, L., & Odeh, M. (2024) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2024.2408678 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…anatomy scan, foetal echocardiography, an oral glucose tolerance test, serology to rule out viral infections, genetic counselling and amniocentesis (Dashe et al. 2018). idiopathic polyhydramnios, with no known aetiology, is reported to constitute 50–60% of cases of polyhydramnios (Kyriacou et al.…”
The Optimal Prediction Model for Successful External Cephalic Version
Yerrabelli, R. S., Palsgaard, P. K., Shankarappa, P., & Jennings, V. (2024) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/a-2419-9146 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cerebroplacental ratio and perinatal outcomes in mild‐to‐moderate idiopathic polyhydramnios cases
Doğru, Ş., Akkuş, F., & Acar, A. (2024) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.15556 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lerner, Y., Peled, T., Yehushua, M., Rotem, R., Weiss, A., Sela, H. Y., Grisaru‐Granovsky, S., & Rottenstreich, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13051416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“PH can be caused by a variety of etiologies and pregnancy complications; the most common causes include pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies with disturbed fetal swallowing, and fetal infections [1,2].”
InfluentialLiu, Y., Hu, T., Qian, Y., Wang, J., Hu, R. M., Xiao, L., Liao, N., Liu, Z., Wang, H., Liu, S., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2024.2344089 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The five common pathological causes of polyhydramnios are maternal diabetes mellitus, fetal anomalies, congenital infection, placental tumors, and iso-immunization [2].”
Gürel, S., Ayhan, I., Uygur, L., Özgit, B., & Demirci, O. (2023) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-023-07216-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Disorders of Amniotic Fluid Volume: Oligoamnios and Polyhydramnios
Palermo, M., Espinosa, A., & Trasmonte, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83434-0_39 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Meridieth, J., Ehrenberg, S., & Dolin, C. D. (2026) · Physician Assistant Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpha.2025.11.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lesser, H., Mackeen, A. D., Chromey, D., et al. (2026) · Pregnancy · doi:10.1002/pmf2.70209 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…or fetal anomalies known to contribute to abnormal amniotic fluid indices (i.e., tra-cheoesophageal fistula, complex congenital heart defect, significant urinary tract abnormality, central nervous sys-tem abnormality, cleft lip/palate, confirmed/suspected fetal aneuploidy, etc.) were excluded [7].”
Management of isolated abnormal amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy
Falola, A. O., Filby, L., Timmons, P., & Alleemudder, D. I. (2026) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.70021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“2,5,10,13,14 Polyhydramnios complicates 1 – 2% of pregnancies; therefore, clinicians need an adequate method in the approach of diagnosing, managing and investigating polyhydramnios that is appropriate, balancing the risks of interventions against the risk of complications to mother and fetus.”
InfluentialHidden placental damage in stillbirths with idiopathic polyhydramnios
Avagliano, L., Benuzzi, M., Monari, F., & Bulfamante, G. (2025) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106393 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Beke, A., & Simonyi, A. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07797-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Weiss, A., Peled, T., Rotem, R., et al. (2024) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07742-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…the following variables were included maternal age, parity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diabetes disorders of pregnancy (preges-tational and gestational), obesity (BMI > 30), gestational age at delivery, and the presence of severe polyhydramnios (AFI of ≥ 35 cm or a MVP ≥ 16 cm) [7].”
InfluentialYu-bi, W., Chen, J., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Qin, X., Wu, W., Zhang, H., Qin, H., Li, J., & Zeng, D. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4782488/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Disorders of Amniotic Fluid?
Yan, X., Bentley, B., Schmidt‐Swartz, J., Dinglas, C., Kady, D. E., & Rosner, J. Y. (2024) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/jum.16476 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Roberts, A. W., & Chauhan, S. P. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101341 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Polyhydramnios associated with rare genetic syndromes: two case reports
Lim, C. W. C., Lustestica, I. E., Poon, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-024-04435-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Whitcombe, D. D., Magann, E. F., Steelman, S. C., Hu, Z., & Ounpraseuth, S. (2023) · Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajum.12361 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gürel, S., Ayhan, I., Uygur, L., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2524533/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Staying alert with polyhydramnios; an Ondine syndrome case
Pellisé-Tintoré, M., Paltrinieri, A. L., Abulí, A., Murillo, E., Serrano, A., & Albaigés, G. (2023) · Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/crpm-2022-0026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“More severe degrees of polyhydramnios are usually linked to a signi fi cantly increased risk of fetal abnormalities [3, 4, 6].”
InfluentialFetal malpresentation following mechanical labor induction
Bart, Y., Meyer, R., Yoeli, R., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.14629 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effect of Amniotic Fluid Changes in Late Pregnancy on Maternal And Fetus Outcomes
Saido, V. A., & Hasan, J. N. (2022) · The Journal of The University of Duhok · doi:10.26682/sjuod.2022.25.2.20 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Randomized trial of fundal height vs point-of-care ultrasound during routine antenatal visits
Omere, C. I., Goncharov, D. A., Pedroza, C., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100563 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CELİK, O. Y., Obut, M., Keleş, A., et al. (2022) · Eastern Journal Of Medicine · doi:10.5505/ejm.2022.43765 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rytting, E., Waltz, J., & Ahmed, M. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818902-3.00007-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Assessment of evidence underlying guidelines by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Brock, C. O., Blackwell, S. C., & Chauhan, S. P. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.052 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Oligohydramnios and Polyhydramnios: Therapeutic Manipulation of Amniotic Fluid Volume
Gibson, J., & Brennand, J. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108564434.021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
What you need to know about maternal-fetal medicine
Yamashiro, K. J., Galganski, L. A., & Hirose, S. (2019) · Seminars in Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.07.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Refaey, M. M., Worsley, C., & Knipe, H. (2008) · Radiopaedia.org · doi:10.53347/rid-4797 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Anasarque fœtoplacentaire non immunologique
Atallah, A. (2026) · EMC - Obstétrique · doi:10.1016/s0246-0335(26)46282-1
Shekel, E., Gordon, G., Cohen, N., Mezan, D. W., Lipschuetz, M., & Kabiri, D. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15176932
Integrating both AFI and MVP for perinatal risk stratification in isolated polyhydramnios (Reply)
Petrecca, A., & Berghella, V. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102076
Polyhydramnios definitions should be outcome-dependent
Blitz, M. J. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102075
Liao, Q., Xu, B., Lin, L., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1841512
Rittenhouse, K., Johnson, J. M., Sebastião, Y. V., Davis, N. M., Ritter, R. L., Klose, M., Stringer, J. S. A., & Boggess, K. A. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102088
Association between polyhydramnios and decreased fetal movements: A retrospective cohort study
Wolfovitz, A., Shamay, I., Justman, N., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71250
Prenatal diagnosis of antenatal Bartter syndrome: Another four case reports
Chen, G., & Li, D. (2026) · Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2024.11.015
Qin, Y., (7081), W. L., Zhu, S., et al. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09428-z
“Polyhydramnios was defined as an amniotic fluid index ≥ 24 cm or a deepest vertical pocket ≥ 8 cm [17].”
Severe Polyhydramnios Associated With Antenatal Bartter Syndrome
Pierre-Louis, D., Minaya, I., Pathan, S., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.109976
“Increasing severity is associated with greater risks of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), cord prolapse, placental abruption, preterm delivery, perinatal mortality, and delivery of small-for-gestational-age infants [2].”
InfluentialKunarathnam, V., Deshpande, R., Guerrero, N., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106777
Khalil, A. A., Sotiriadis, A., D'Antonio, F., Costa, F. D. S., Odibo, A. O., Prefumo, F., & Salomon, L. J. (2026) · Ultrasound & Functional Diagnostics · doi:10.24835/1607-0771-383
Variation in the Genetic Workup of Polyhydramnios: An International and Inter‐Specialty Survey
Zemet, R., Yaron, Y., & Sagi‐Dain, L. (2026) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.70110
- Authors
- Dashe, J. S., Pressman, E. K., & Hibbard, J. U.
- Affiliations
- Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 219
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- B2-B8
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2883743916
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- polyhydramnios, amniotic fluid volume, maternal diabetes, fetal malformations, congenital infection, alloimmunization, amnioreduction, indomethacin, amniotic fluid index, antenatal fetal surveillance, labor induction, mode of delivery
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