Cited by 236Obesity, Physical Activity, DietNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorUrban Transport and Accessibility

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Weight Status and Restaurant Availability

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Mehta, Neil K., Chang, Virginia W.·2008·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.031PMC PMC2440344

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Abstract

Background Empiric studies find that contextual factors affect individual weight status over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. Given increasing levels of obesity, researchers are examining how the food environment contributes to unhealthy weight status. An important change to this environment is the increasing availability of away-from-home eating establishments such as restaurants.Methods This study analyzed the relationship between the restaurant environment and weight status across counties in the United States. Individual data from the 2002-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=714,054) were linked with restaurant data from the 2002 U.S. Economic Census. Fast-food and full-service restaurant density, along with restaurant mix (the ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants), were assessed.Results Fast-food restaurant density and a higher ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants were associated with higher individual-level weight status (BMI and the risk of being obese). In contrast, a higher density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower weight status.Conclusions Area-level restaurant mix emerged as an important correlate of weight status, with components of the restaurant environment exhibiting differential associations. Hence, it is the availability of fast-food relative to other away-from-home choices that appears salient for unhealthy weight outcomes. Areas with a high density of full-service restaurants were indicative of a more healthful eating environment, suggesting a need for research into the comparative healthfulness of foods served at different types of restaurants. Future prospective studies are required to delineate causal pathways.

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Authors: Mehta, N. K., & Chang, V. W.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
ORCID: Mehta, Neil K.
Chang, Virginia W.
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-02
Volume: 34
Issue: 2
Pages: 127-133
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.031
PMC: PMC2440344
OpenAlex: W1488287108
Cited by: 236
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 24.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (T32AG000177)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD043459)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Keywords: weight status, obesity, food environment, fast food restaurants, full-service restaurants, restaurant density, body mass index
MeSH terms: Adult, Feeding Behavior, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Restaurants, United States, Weight Gain, Censuses, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

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