The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Weight Status and Restaurant Availability
Open accessAbstract
Background Empiric studies find that contextual factors affect individual weight status over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. Given increasing levels of obesity, researchers are examining how the food environment contributes to unhealthy weight status. An important change to this environment is the increasing availability of away-from-home eating establishments such as restaurants.Methods This study analyzed the relationship between the restaurant environment and weight status across counties in the United States. Individual data from the 2002-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=714,054) were linked with restaurant data from the 2002 U.S. Economic Census. Fast-food and full-service restaurant density, along with restaurant mix (the ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants), were assessed.Results Fast-food restaurant density and a higher ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants were associated with higher individual-level weight status (BMI and the risk of being obese). In contrast, a higher density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower weight status.Conclusions Area-level restaurant mix emerged as an important correlate of weight status, with components of the restaurant environment exhibiting differential associations. Hence, it is the availability of fast-food relative to other away-from-home choices that appears salient for unhealthy weight outcomes. Areas with a high density of full-service restaurants were indicative of a more healthful eating environment, suggesting a need for research into the comparative healthfulness of foods served at different types of restaurants. Future prospective studies are required to delineate causal pathways.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In 2 separate cross-sectional analyses using 2006–2007 BRFSS data, a higher per capita density of full-service restaurants was associated with a lower BMI and lower prevalence of obesity298,306 and diabetes.298”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [306]
In the citing paper
“Exceptions include analyses using the BRFSS, in which higher per capita density of fast-food restaurants was associated with higher BMI and prevalence of obesity306 or diabetes298 in adults.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [306]
Citations
Cites
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720
Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2000
Flegal, K. M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 · Cited by 6,190
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382
Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., & Peters, J. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079857 · Cited by 2,180
Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places
Morland, K. B., Wing, S., Roux, A. V. D., & Poole, C. (2002) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(01)00403-2 · Cited by 1,662
Environmental Influences on Eating and Physical Activity
French, S. A., Story, M. T., & Jeffery, R. W. (2001) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.309 · Cited by 1,469
Pereira, M. A., Kartashov, A. I., Ebbeling, C. B., Van Horn, L., Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17663-0 · Cited by 1,348
An economic analysis of adult obesity: results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Chou, S., Grossman, M. B., & Saffer, H. (2004) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.10.003 · Cited by 1,054
Zenk, S. N., Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., James, S. A., Bao, S., & Wilson, M. L. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.042150 · Cited by 1,009
An “ecological” approach to the obesity pandemic
Egger, G. J., & Swinburn, B. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7106.477 · Cited by 864
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Larson, N. I., Story, M. T., & Nelson, M. C. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.025 · Cited by 2,003
The built environment and obesity: A systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence
Feng, J., Glass, T. A., Curriero, F. C., Stewart, W. F., & Schwartz, B. S. (2010) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.09.008 · Cited by 806
Mozaffarian, D., Afshin, A., Benowitz, N. L., Bittner, V., Daniels, S. R., Franch, H. A., Jacobs, D. R., Kraus, W. E., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Krummel, D. A., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318260a20b · Cited by 601
A Review of Environmental Influences on Food Choices
Larson, N., & Story, M. T. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9120-9 · Cited by 602
Giskes, K., van Lenthe, F. J., Avendano‐Pabon, M., & Brug, J. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00769.x · Cited by 479
Metadata
- Authors
- Mehta, N. K., & Chang, V. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 127-133
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2440344
- OpenAlex
- W1488287108
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 24.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000177)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD043459)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Keywords
- weight status, obesity, food environment, fast food restaurants, full-service restaurants, restaurant density, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Feeding Behavior, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Restaurants, United States, Weight Gain, Censuses, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
