Urban Trails and Physical Activity

Fitzhugh, Eugene C.; Bassett, David R.; Evans, Mary F.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.010

Cited by 170Urban Transport and AccessibilityUrban Green Space and HealthPhysical Activity and Health

Urban Trails and Physical Activity

Fitzhugh, Eugene C., Bassett, David R., Evans, Mary F.·2010·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.010

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Abstract

Background The built environment in which a person lives and works is thought to have a strong influence on his or her level of physical activity. However, this belief is largely based on cross-sectional studies underlining the need for prospective studies using natural experiments.Design This study adopted a quasi-experimental research design with multiple control neighborhoods and was conducted between 2005 and 2007. Data were analyzed in 2008.Setting/participants The subjects were children, adolescents, and adults in free-living conditions within one experimental and two control neighborhoods.Intervention An urban greenway/trail was retrofitted in a neighborhood that lacked connectivity of the residential pedestrian infrastructure to nonresidential destinations.Main outcome measures The main outcomes were 2-hour counts of directly observed physical activity in the general neighborhood and, at the school level, active transport to school.Results At the neighborhood level, the 2-hour counts of physical activity significantly increased between 2005 and 2007 (p=0.000) in the intervention neighborhood, with a median increase of 8.0 counts. The control neighborhoods had a significant decrease in counts (p=0.000). The pre- and post-intervention changes between experimental and control neighborhoods were significantly different for total physical activity (p=0.001); walking (p=0.001); and cycling (p=0.038). There was no noted change over time for active transport to school in either the intervention or control neighborhoods.Conclusions Changes to the pedestrian connectivity of the built environment infrastructure may lead to greater levels of physical activity. However, this positive effect was limited to physical activity at the neighborhood level and not to active transport to school.

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In Knoxville, Tennessee, total neighborhood physical activity significantly increased in the intervention neighborhood that received an urban greenway/trail and decreased in control neighborhoods.
“Total neighborhood physical activity significantly increased in the intervention neighborhood and decreased in control neighborhoods (P<0.001); active commuting did not change.”
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Authors: Fitzhugh, E. C., Bassett, D. R., & Evans, M. F.
Affiliations: University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
Claremont McKenna College (US)
Corresponding author: Fitzhugh, Eugene C.
ORCID: Fitzhugh, Eugene C.
Bassett, David R.
Evans, Mary F.
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Pages: 259-262
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.010
OpenAlex: W2134239568
Cited by: 170
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 18.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Scholarship @ Claremont (The Claremont Colleges) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Office of Research
Southeastern Transportation Center at the University of Tennessee
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: urban trails, built environment, physical activity, greenways, pedestrian connectivity, active transport, walking, cycling, children and adolescents, natural experiment, neighborhood infrastructure
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Bicycling, Child, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Schools, Tennessee, Transportation, Urban Population, Walking

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