Efficacy of Smoking-Cessation Interventions for Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Context Approximately 22% of U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years) are smokers. Young adults typically display an interest in quitting, but it is unknown whether the evidence-based cessation programs designed for adults will be equally effective for young adults. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of smoking-cessation programs for this population. Evidence acquisition In 2009-2011, studies published between 2004 and 2008 that investigated smoking cessation were first found through the DHHS Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence as well as a PubMed search (2009-2010) and were then subjected to a rigorous inclusion process. Authors were contacted to glean raw data for young adults. Fourteen studies provided data that were coded for descriptive information and aggregated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 2.0. Evidence synthesis Among young adults, any type of intervention was more effective in producing successful smoking cessation than the control. This was the case for intent-to-treat analyses as well as complete cases. When interventions were effective for the larger adult sample, they were also effective for the younger adult sample. Conclusions Although young adults tend to underutilize evidence-based cessation treatments, the current meta-analysis showed that these treatments should be as effective for young adults as they are for the general adult population. Thus, it may be useful to focus on motivating young adults to seek cessation treatment to increase utilization.
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Any type of intervention for smoking cessation is more effective than no intervention in producing successful smoking cessation (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.16-2.06).
“Another review evaluating any intervention for smoking cessation suggests that any type of intervention is more effective in producing successful smoking cessation compared to no intervention (RR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.16–2.06) [48].”
From Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
The Meta-Analytic Results for All Studies report greater smoking-cessation odds with interventions among young adults, with the stated estimate and confidence interval. But the paper labels the estimate an odds ratio (OR), not a risk ratio (RR), and compares interventions with control groups rather than specifying that every control received no intervention. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Suls, J. M., Luger, T. M., Curry, S. J., Mermelstein, R. J., Sporer, A. K., & An, L. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Suls, Jerry M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 655-662
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3653592
- OpenAlex
- W74361765
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA134861)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, young adults, smoking cessation interventions, tobacco dependence treatment, treatment efficacy, treatment utilization, tobacco use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, United States, Smoking Cessation, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult
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