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Energy Intake from Restaurants
Open accessAbstract
Background Eating food away from home and restaurant consumption have increased over the past few decades.Purpose To examine recent changes in calories from fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption and to assess characteristics associated with consumption.Methods Analyses of 24-hour dietary recalls from children, adolescents, and adults using nationally representative data from the 2003-2004 through 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, including analysis by gender, ethnicity, income, and location of consumption. Multivariate regression analyses of associations between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and consumption prevalence and average daily caloric intake from fast-food and full-service restaurants.Results In 2007-2008, 33%, 41%, and 36% of children, adolescents, and adults, respectively, consumed foods and/or beverages from fast-food restaurant sources and 12%, 18%, and 27% consumed from full-service restaurants. Their respective mean daily caloric intake from fast food was 191, 404, and 315 kcal, down by 25% (p ≤ 0.05), 3%, and 9% from 2003-2004; and among consumers, intake was 576, 988, and 877 kcal, respectively, down by 12% (p ≤ 0.05), 2%, and 7%. There were no changes in daily calories consumed from full-service restaurants. Consumption prevalence and average daily caloric intake from fast-food (adults only) and full-service restaurants (all age groups) were higher when consumed away from home versus at home. There were some demographic and socioeconomic associations with the likelihood of fast-food consumption, but characteristics generally were not associated with the extent of caloric intake among those who consumed from fast-food or from full-service restaurants.Conclusions In 2007-2008, fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption remained prevalent and a source of substantial energy intake.
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“National surveillance data show that 6-to-11-year-old children consumed 11% of daily energy from quick service restaurants (QSR) and 5% from full service restaurants (FSR) in 2007–2008; for adolescents aged 12–19, these proportions were 17% and 7% respectively [2].”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Restaurant foods and beverages are second only to grocery store foods and beverages in their contribution to total energy intake of U.S. 4- to 11-year-olds [1–3].”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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“National surveillance data show that 6-to-11-year-old children consumed 11% of daily energy from quick service restaurants (QSR) and 5% from full service restaurants (FSR) in 2007–2008; for adolescents aged 12–19, these proportions were 17% and 7% respectively [2].”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Lower reported frequencies of eating food from restaurants, compared to other national data [2], suggest that this may have occurred”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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“among these consumers, 1/3 of their daily calories come from fast food [3]”
From Child and parent perspectives on healthier side dishes and beverages in restaurant kids’ meals: results from a national survey in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Powell, L. M., Nguyen, B. T., & Han, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Gachon University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Powell, Lisa M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 498-504
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3479669
- OpenAlex
- W1494892134
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 14.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA138456)
- CDC (11IPA1102973)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- restaurant food consumption, fast food, full-service restaurants, energy intake, eating out, dietary trends, socioeconomic factors, children and adolescents, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Restaurants, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Multivariate Analysis, Young Adult, Fast Foods
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