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Cited by 152LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyHealth disparities and outcomesGender, Health, and Social Inequality

Sexual Minority Health and Health Risk Factors

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Hsieh, Ning, Ruther, Matt·2016·American Journal of Preventive Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.016PMC PMC4875806
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Abstract

Introduction Although population studies have documented the poorer health outcomes of sexual minorities, few have taken an intersectionality approach to examine how sexual orientation, gender, and race jointly affect these outcomes. Moreover, little is known about how behavioral risks and healthcare access contribute to health disparities by sexual, gender, and racial identities. Methods Using ordered and binary logistic regression models in 2015, data from the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Surveys (n=62,302) were analyzed to study disparities in self-rated health and functional limitation. This study examined how gender and race interact with sexual identity to create health disparities, and how these disparities are attributable to differential exposure to behavioral risks and access to care. Results Conditional on sociodemographic factors, all sexual, gender, and racial minority groups, except straight white women, gay white men, and bisexual non-white men, reported worse self-rated health than straight white men (p<0.05). Some of these gaps were attributable to differences in behaviors and healthcare access. All female groups, as well as gay non-white men, were more likely to report a functional limitation than straight white men (p<0.05), and these gaps largely remained when behavioral risks and access to care were accounted for. The study also discusses health disparities within sexual, gender, and racial minority groups. Conclusions Sexual, gender, and racial identities interact with one another in a complex way to affect health experiences. Efforts to improve sexual minority health should consider heterogeneity in health risks and health outcomes among sexual minorities.

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  • Inequities in social, geographic, political, and health care factors contribute to differential disease and mortality risks across minoritized socioeconomic, racial and ethnic, and sexual and gender identities.

    “inequities in social, geographic, political, and health care factors contribute to differential disease and mortality risks across minoritized socioeconomic, racial and ethnic, and sexual and gender identities”

    From Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications (2023) · cites this paper as Hsieh & Ruther, 2016

    The Discussion reports that healthcare access and health behaviors explain some disparities in self-rated health across sexual, gender, and racial groups; the Limitations section also discusses stigma and institutional discrimination. The study does not assess geographic inequities or mortality, and its gender categories do not include transgender or other gender populations. It therefore supports only part of the broader claim. (LLM, conf=0.89)

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Authors
Hsieh, N., & Ruther, M.
Affiliations
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • University of Louisville (US)
Corresponding author
Hsieh, Ning
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-06
Volume
50
Issue
6
Pages
746-755
ISSN
0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.016
PMC
PMC4875806
OpenAlex
W2270771702
Cited by
152
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6
FWCI
19.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (P30AG012857, T32AG000243)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
Keywords
sexual minority health, health disparities, intersectionality, sexual orientation, gender identity, race, self-rated health, functional limitations, health risk behaviors, health care access, bisexual men, gay men, lesbians, National Health Interview Survey
MeSH terms
Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sexual Behavior, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities

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