The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of race, ethnicity and social determinants of health on diabetes outcomes.
Open accessAbstract
Background There is strong evidence that race, ethnicity and social determinants of health significantly influence outcomes for patients with diabetes. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these relationships or associations would improve development of cost-effective, culturally tailored programs for patients with diabetes.Methods This article reviews the current state of the literature on the influence of race and ethnicity and social determinants of health on process of care, quality of care and outcomes for diabetes, with particular emphasis on the rural South to give an overview of the state of the literature.Results The literature review shows that racial or ethnic differences in the clinical outcomes for diabetes, including glycemic, blood pressure (BP) and lipid control, continue to persist. In addition, the literature review shows that the role of social determinants of health on outcomes, and the possible role these determinants play in disparities have largely been ignored. Psychosocial factors, such as self-efficacy, depression, social support and perceived stress, show consistent associations with self-care, quality of life and glycemic control. Neighborhood factors, such as food insecurity, social cohesion and neighborhood esthetics have been associated with glycemic control. Perceived discrimination has also been associated with self-care and the psychological component of quality of life.Conclusion Healthcare professionals need to be skilled in assessing social determinants of health and taking them into consideration in clinical care. In addition, more research is needed to identify the separate and combined influence of race and ethnicity and social determinants of health on process of care, quality of care and outcomes in diabetes, especially in the South, where the burden of disease is particularly high.
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“At the same time, there is growing recognition that social determinants of health (SDoH)—including socioeconomic status, food access, housing stability, and transportation—influence outcomes among patients with diabetes, particularly in vulnerable populations [31–34].”
From Machine learning-driven risk prediction for post-hospitalization diabetes case management: Integrating clinical and social determinants of health (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Race was included not as a biological variable but as a structural equity proxy, reflecting disparities in healthcare access, treatment patterns, and social conditions that are associated with diabetes outcomes and health decline [32,42].”
From Machine learning-driven risk prediction for post-hospitalization diabetes case management: Integrating clinical and social determinants of health (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
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Social determinants of health inequalities
Marmot, M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71146-6 · Cited by 5,086
Stearne, M. R., Palmer, S. L., Hammersley, M. S., Franklin, S. L., Spivey, R. S., Lévy, J., Tidy, C. R., Bell, N. J., Steemson, J., Barrow, B. A., et al. (1998) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 4,803
Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0 · Cited by 3,371
Roux, A. V. D., & Mair, C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x · Cited by 2,922
A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health
UNSPECIFIED (2010) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/17cr-aqb9 · Cited by 2,375
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A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes
Cramer, J. A. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.5.1218 · Cited by 1,203
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Diabetes Association, 2015, Strategies for improving care. Sec. 1. In standards of medical care in diabetes—2015, Diabetes Care, 38, S1
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Dasari, N., Jiang, A. Y., Skochdopole, A. J., Chung, J., Reece, E. M., Vorstenbosch, J., & Winocour, S. J. (2021) · Seminars in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1731460 · Cited by 357
Gene–environment interactions and their impact on human health
Virolainen, S. J., VonHandorf, A., Viel, K. C. M. F., Weirauch, M. T., & Kottyan, L. C. (2022) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/s41435-022-00192-6 · Cited by 336
1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s001 · Cited by 355
Diabetes complications in racial and ethnic minority populations in the USA.
Haw, J. S., Shah, M., Turbow, S., Egeolu, M., & Umpierrez, G. (2021) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01369-x · Cited by 240
1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s001 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Walker, R. J., Strom Williams, J., & Egede, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Egede, Leonard E.
- Venue
- The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 351
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 366-373
- ISSN
- 0002-9629 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4834895
- OpenAlex
- W2342360716
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I50 HX001229)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK098529, K24DK093699)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, race and ethnicity, social determinants of health, health disparities, glycemic control, blood pressure control, lipid control, psychosocial factors, self-efficacy, depression, social support, perceived stress, food insecurity, neighborhood factors, perceived discrimination, rural South, quality of care, process of care
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Ethnicity, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Treatment Outcome, Racial Groups, Healthcare Disparities, Social Determinants of Health
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