Diabetes complications in racial and ethnic minority populations in the USA.
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review Racial and ethnic minority populations have a higher burden of diabetes-related complications. There have been many epidemiologic studies to better define these racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes outcomes with additional studies offering interventions to mitigate them. This narrative review highlights the epidemiologic trends in diabetes complications specific to racial and ethnic minorities and underscores differences in microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes, health care utilization, and diabetes prevention efforts and also reviews interventions aimed to reduce racial/ethnic disparities and their limitations.Recent findings While we have seen in general an overall improvement in complication rates for all people with diabetes, the disparities between Black and Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic White people with diabetes seem to persist. There is a continued need to better understand the underlying causes of and strategies to mitigate race/ethnicity disparities in diabetes complications in the USA.
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Studies have focused on African American and Latinx populations with type 2 diabetes who experienced higher mean HbA1c levels than non-Latinx White populations.
“Studies have focused on African American and Latinx populations with T2D who experienced higher mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than non-Latinx White populations.11,12,13,14”
From Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Introduction reports worse glycemic control in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults with diabetes than in non-Hispanic White adults. The Macrovascular Complications section reports higher HbA1c in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic Whites, but our copy does not establish higher mean HbA1c for both groups specifically among people with type 2 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAfrican American and Latinx adults have greater risk of diabetes complications compared with non-Latinx White adults.
“Given their greater risk of diabetes complications compared with non-Latinx White adults”
From Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Minority racial and ethnic populations have a disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications compared to White individuals.
“Minority racial and ethnic populations have disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications compared to White individuals.1–3”
From Disparities in Use of Novel Diabetes Medications by Insurance: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
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Modernizing Diabetes Care Quality Measures
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Paving a Path to Equity in Cardiorenal Care
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The Role of Family in Diabetes Management for Mexican American Adults
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Ethnicity, Skin Tones, and Cultural Considerations in Wound Care
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- Authors
- Haw, J. S., Shah, M., Turbow, S., Egeolu, M., & Umpierrez, G.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haw, J. Sonya
- Venue
- Current Diabetes Reports
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-2
- ISSN
- 1534-4827 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-0829
- PMC
- PMC7935471
- OpenAlex
- W3119845375
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Diabetes Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (K23MD015088)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- diabetes complications, racial and ethnic disparities, racial and ethnic minorities, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, health care utilization, diabetes prevention, African Americans, Hispanic Americans
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Ethnicity, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Minority Groups, United States, White People, Diabetes Complications, Healthcare Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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