Progressive adaptation of sheep to a microencapsulated blend of essential oils: ruminal fermentation, methane emission, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis

Soltan, Y.A.; Natel, A.S.; Araujo, R.C.; Morsy, A.S.; Abdalla, A.L.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.004

Cited by 86Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyEssential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Progressive adaptation of sheep to a microencapsulated blend of essential oils: ruminal fermentation, methane emission, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis

Soltan, Y.A., Natel, A.S., Araujo, R.C., Morsy, A.S., Abdalla, A.L.·2018·Animal Feed Science and Technology

DOI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.004

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Abstract

The combination of various active components in essential oils (EO) may be highly effective as a natural dietary supplementation option to manipulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane (CH4) emissions. Nine rumen cannulated Santa Inês sheep (55 ± 3.7 kg of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups to receive three experimental treatments: control (basal diet without additives); basal diet with 200 (EO200) mg of EO of a microencapsulated blend of essential oils (MBEO)/kg dietary DM offered; and basal diet with 400 (EO400) mg of EO of MBEO/kg dietary DM offered. The experiment was recorded in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design. The number of days necessary to observe the manipulation of rumen fermentation with MBEO was determined with an evaluation of nutrient digestibility, CH4 emissions, and microbial protein synthesis. Ruminal samples were collected at day zero (the day before starting the dietary treatments), and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 15 after MBEO introduction, while the subsequent 7 days were assigned for the nutrient digestibility trial and CH4 determination. On day 3, propionate concentrations began to increase (P < 0.01) for EO200 and EO400, which resulted in an associated decrease (P = 0.03) in the acetate: propionate ratio; this effect lasted until day 15. The enhancement (P = 0.003) in the overall mean of total short-chain fatty acids was consistent with the decrease (P = 0.06) in the overall mean of ruminal pH for both MBEO doses, compared to the control. A decline (P < 0.01) in the protozoal count was observed after a week in the EO400 treatment, whereas no differences were observed in the EO200 and control treatments. No significant differences among the three treatments were detected for ammonia concentration, dry matter intake, or total tract nutrient digestibility. A reduction (P = 0.009) in CH4 emissions was observed in the EO200 and EO400 [24.5 and 27.6 l/kg digestible organic matter (DOM), respectively] treatments, compared to the control (38.2 l/kg DOM). Among the treatments, EO400 resulted in the highest body nitrogen (N) retention (P = 0.03) and microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.01). The results suggest that the addition of MBEO favorably modifies the ruminal fermentation process, and 3 days of treatment is necessary before a stable and modified ruminal fermentation pattern can be observed. This pattern would last for a period of two weeks.

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Supplementing a blend of essential oils (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, and capsicum oleoresin) first increased rumen acetate concentration, which was later replaced by propionate concentration.
“Supplementing a blend of EO (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, and capsicum oleoresin) firstly increased rumen acetate concentration, which was replaced by propionate concentration afterward.”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [237]
Higher microbial protein might possibly be due to reduction of protozoal counts, as ruminal protozoa devour bacteria and their protein flows toward the small intestine.
“Moreover, it might possibly due to the reduction of protozoal counts as ruminal protozoa devour many bacteria and their protein flow toward the small intestine (237).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [237]
A blend of essential oils (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, and capsicum oleoresin) improved microbial protein synthesis in sheep.
“Furthermore, this blend of EO showed the ability to improve microbial protein synthesis in sheep (237).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [237]

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Essential oils as rumen fermentation modifier for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants
Carvalho, R. F. (2018) · Americanae (AECID Library)

Authors: Soltan, Y. A., Natel, A. S., Araujo, R. C., Morsy, A. S., & Abdalla, A. L.
Affiliations: Alexandria University (EG)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (EG)
Corresponding author: Soltan, Y.A.
ORCID: Soltan, Y.A.
Natel, A.S.
Morsy, A.S.
Abdalla, A.L.
Venue: Animal Feed Science and Technology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-03
Volume: 237
Pages: 8-18
ISSN: 0377-8401 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.004
OpenAlex: W2782030336
Cited by: 86
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 14.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Animal Feed Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
Funders: GRASP Ind. e Com. LTDA, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
Keywords: essential oils, microencapsulation, sheep, rumen fermentation, methane emissions, nutrient digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, short-chain fatty acids, rumen pH, protozoa, nitrogen retention, Santa Inês sheep, dietary supplementation, rumen cannulation, methane mitigation, feed additives, weight gain

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Progressive adaptation of sheep to a microencapsulated blend of essential oils: ruminal fermentation, methane emission, nutrient digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis

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