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Cited by 76Integrated Energy Systems OptimizationHybrid Renewable Energy SystemsBuilding Energy and Comfort Optimization

Decarbonising heat with optimal PV and storage investments: A detailed sector coupling modelling framework with flexible heat pump operation

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Rinaldi, Arthur, Soini, Martin Christoph, Streicher, Kai, Patel, Martin K., Parra, David·2021·Applied Energy
DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116110
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Abstract

This paper analyses optimal electricity investments (PV and battery storage) to decarbonise heat supply in residential buildings under different heat pump and energy retrofitting scenarios in a detailed representation of the Swiss power and heating system. The sensitivity of PV and storage deployment, including lithium-ion (LiB) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), with respect to distribution network capacity is also investigated. We propose an open-source dispatch sector coupling model (GRIMSEL-AH) to minimise energy system costs (social planner perspective) for heating and electricity supply in Switzerland with hourly and daily time resolution for electricity and heating respectively. Moreover, our representation of the Swiss energy system includes various types of consumers and urban settings which are represented with monitored electricity demand data for each sector and simulated heat demand data at the building level for the residential sector. We find that under a “business as usual” heat pump deployment and retrofitting rate, the optimal electricity investments correspond to 27.8 GWp of PV combined with 16.9 GW (33.8 GWh) for LiB and 1.9 GW (7.6 GWh) for VRFB. For this case, 57% (13.3 TWth/year) of the residential heat demand is covered by heat pumps with a total installed capacity of 19.7 GWth by 2050 (capacity exogenously set with its operation optimised). With increasing heat pump deployment, retrofitting rates are found to have a large impact on the investment in storage and a 100% heat pump scenario for the residential sector appears to be feasible. Our results show that heat pumps do not only decarbonise heat but also provide extra flexibility to the power system, since they increase local PV self-consumption, resulting in higher PV deployment. The model and the methodology presented in this study can be applied to other countries.

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  • Other measures such as retrofitting of buildings can reduce the peak load of HP by 42%-73% while local demand side flexibility can be used to decrease the grid impacts of all technologies.

    “It is also important to note that other measures such as retrofitting of buildings can reduce the peak load of HP by 42%-73% [56,81] while local demand side flexibility can be used to decrease the grid impacts of all technologies [82].”

    From Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating (2021) · cites this paper as [81]

    Section 2.3 (Retrofitting; page unavailable) gives the 42%–73% figure as savings in useful energy demand from building retrofitting, not a reduction in heat-pump peak load. Section 4.2 finds that retrofitting can reduce storage investments, but does not establish the claimed peak-load reduction. The separate statement about local demand-side flexibility is cited to [82], not this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Rinaldi, A., Soini, M. C., Streicher, K., Patel, M. K., & Parra, D.
Affiliations
University of Geneva (CH)
Corresponding author
Rinaldi, Arthur
ORCID
Venue
Applied Energy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-01
Volume
282
Pages
116110
ISSN
0306-2619 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116110
OpenAlex
W3098116714
Cited by
76
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12
FWCI
3.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur für Innovationsförderung
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Keywords
heat pumps, photovoltaics, battery energy storage, lithium-ion batteries, vanadium redox flow battery, sector coupling, residential buildings, building energy retrofitting, distribution network capacity, power system flexibility, photovoltaic self-consumption, Swiss energy system, heating demand

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