Cited by 278Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Stress and eating: the effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters

Open access

Wallis, D.J., Hetherington, M.M.·2004·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Restrained and emotional eaters overeat in response to stress. To compare differential effects of cognitive demand and ego-threatening stressors on subsequent chocolate intake, 38 females completed a neutral (control), an ego threatening and an incongruent Stroop colour-naming task on three separate occasions. Participants were assigned to four groups based on median-split scores on the restrained and emotional eating scales of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-high restraint/high emotional, high restraint/low emotional, low restraint/high emotional and low restraint/low emotional. Higher response latencies were observed in the incongruent task, confirming its greater cognitive (attentional) demand. Overall intake was enhanced by 23% after ego-threat and 15% after the incongruent Stroop task relative to control. Restraint was associated with greater intake after both ego-threat and the incongruent task than in the control condition. In contrast, emotional eating was associated with greater intake after only the ego-threat, relative to control. A positive association between reaction time and subsequent intake in all conditions for high restraint/low emotional eaters provided support for the limited capacity hypothesis. Enhanced intake in emotional eaters is proposed to relate to escape from self-awareness. These findings demonstrate differential effects of threat and demand on stress-related eating in restrained and emotional eaters.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001

Cites

25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
Untitled work
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
STAI manual for the State-trait anxiety inventory
Cd, S. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,433
The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 · Cited by 2,420
Binge eating as escape from self-awareness
Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86 · Cited by 2,259
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.
Heatherton, T. F., & Polivy, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.895 · Cited by 2,007 · cited 1×
“In line with previous research (Lattimore, 2001), the current investigation suggests that the ego-threatening task is mildly stressful and can disinhibit intake in susceptible individuals. These findings also provide support for Ward and Mann (2000), who proposed that cognitive demand disinhibits eating in restrained…”
Result
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Williams, J. M. G. (1988) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1,871
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Wilhelm, S. A. (1998) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · Cited by 1,101

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 25 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 277

Perceived stress and anhedonia predict short-and long-term weight change, respectively, in healthy adults
Ibrahim, M. A., Thearle, M. S., Krakoff, J. A., & Gluck, M. E. (2016) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.009 · Cited by 37
“For instance, restrained and emotional eating have been shown tomediate the effects of stress, such that restrained or emotional eaters may become more hyperphagic in response to stress (Wardle, Steptoe, Oliver & Lipsey, 2000;Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
Background
Personality differences in the susceptibility to stress-eating: The influence of emotional control and impulsivity
Blyderveen, S. V., Lafrance, A., Emond, M. H., Kosmerly, S., O’Connor, M. M., & Chang, F. M. (2016) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.07.009 · Cited by 44
The role of shame in emotional eating
Wong, M., & Qian, M. (2016) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.07.004 · Cited by 32
“For example, Wallis and Hetherington (2004) compared ego-threatening (high self-conscious) and non-ego-threatening (low self-conscious) tasks and found that the ego-threatening group ate a significantly larger amount of food relative to the non-ego-threatening group. van Strien, Ouwens, Engel, and…”
Background
Vegetarianism and Eating Disorders
Heiss, S., Hormes, J. M., & Timko, C. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803968-7.00004-6 · Cited by 32
Incidental and integral effects of emotions on self-control.
Schmeichel, B. J., & Inzlicht, M. (2013) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 31
Effects of negative mood state on event-related potentials of restrained eating subgroups during an inhibitory control task
Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Jackson, T., Wang, J., Yang, R., & Chen, H. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112249 · Cited by 31
Exploring the Effects of Mindfulness and Self-Distancing on Chocolate Intake After a Negative State Affect
Hussain, M., Egan, H. H., Keyte, R., & Mantzios, M. (2020) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-020-00181-5 · Cited by 31
“Whilst some researchers argue negative affects prompt overconsumption in people attempting to restrict their caloric intake (Schotte et al. 1990; Wallis and Hetherington 2004), others have reported that the relationship between restrained eaters and overeating in response to negative moods is not…”
Background
COVID-19-related changes in eating disorder pathology, emotional and binge eating and need for care: a systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses
Güzel, Â., Mutlu, N. L., & Molendijk, M. L. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01547-2 · Cited by 33
“Theories even suggest that pathological eating behaviors can serve as a coping response to deal with stress and adverse emotions [10, 11].”
Background
A new biomarker of hedonic eating? A preliminary investigation of cortisol and nausea responses to acute opioid blockade
Daubenmier, J. J., Lustig, R. H., Hecht, F. M., Kristeller, J. L., Woolley, J. D., Adam, T. C., Dallman, M. F., & Epel, E. S. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.014 · Cited by 29
“(Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
The effects of stress on food choice, mood and bodyweight in healthy women
Roberts, C. J. (2008) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00666.x · Cited by 29
Relationship between work-family conflict and unhealthy eating: Does eating style matter?
Shukri, M. M., Jones, F. A., & Conner, M. T. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.027 · Cited by 28
Negative Affect and Maladaptive Eating Behavior as a Regulation Strategy in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Narrative Review
Brytek-Matera, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132413704 · Cited by 28
Modeling the effects of positive and negative mood on the ability to resist eating in obese and non-obese individuals
Udo, T., Grilo, C. M., Brownell, K. D., Weinberger, A. H., Dileone, R., & McKee, S. A. (2012) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.10.010 · Cited by 27
“…disinhibiting effects on eating, particularly in individuals with tendencies to engage in restrained (Habhab, Sheldon, & Loeb, 2009; Lattimore & Caswell, 2004; Schotte, Cools, & McNally, 1990; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004) or emotional eating (Oliver et al., 2000; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004, 2009).”
The effects of enrichment novelty versus complexity in cages of group-housed rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Abou-Ismail, U. A., & Mendl, M. (2016) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.04.014 · Cited by 26
“…to stress (stress-induced (emotional) eating; Greeno and Wing, 1994), and negative emotions impair cognitive control in restrained eaters (individuals who control their food intake to maintain or reduce their current weight) leading to an increase in food intake (Wallis and Hetherington, 2004).”
Background
A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study
Morshed, M. B., Kulkarni, S. S., Li, R., Saha, K., Roper, L. G., Nachman, L., Lu, H., Mirabella, L., Srivastava, S., de Choudhury, M., et al. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/20625 · Cited by 29
“Engaging in noneating activities during eating is considered as a distraction, and distraction during eating reduces the ability to assess internal sensory cues such as taste perception, which can lead to overeating [49,50].”
Background
Attentional Bias and Slowed Disengagement from Food and Threat Stimuli in Restrained Eaters Using a Modified Stroop Task
Wilson, C., & Wallis, D. J. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9451-x · Cited by 27
“Furthermore, experimental studies show that presentation of ego threatening stimuli in a Stroop task leads to overeating in restrained eaters (e.g. Lattimore and Maxwell 2004; Wallis and Hetherington 2004), and interpersonal difficulties are given a key role in the aetiology and maintenance of AN.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Laugh Away the Fat? Therapeutic Humor in the Control of Stress-induced Emotional Eating
Bast, E. S., & Berry, E. M. (2014) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10141 · Cited by 25
The impact of acute stress on the neural processing of food cues in bulimia nervosa: Replication in two samples.
Collins, B., Breithaupt, L. E., McDowell, J. E., Miller, L. S., Thompson, J., & Fischer, S. F. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000242 · Cited by 26
Obesity and emotions: Differentiation in emotions felt towards food between obese, overweight and normal-weight adolescents
Barthomeuf, L., Droit‐Volet, S., & Rousset, S. (2008) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2008.07.005 · Cited by 26
“…negative affects, i.e., anger (Kenardy, Arnow, & Agras, 1996), boredom (Abraham & Beumont, 1982), anxiety (Meyer, Waller, & Waters, 1998), stress (Wallis & Hetherington, 2004), depression and loneliness (Ganley, 1989) indeed tend to increase food intake and lead to the overconsumption of food.”
Background
Eating self-efficacy: validation of a new brief scale
Lombardo, C., Cerolini, S., Alivernini, F., Ballesio, A., Violani, C., Fernandes, M., & Lucidi, F. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00854-2 · Cited by 25
Long duration of stressful homework as a potential obesogenic factor in children: A QUALITY study
Michaud, I., Chaput, J., O’Loughlin, J. L., Tremblay, A., & Mathieu, M.-E. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21026 · Cited by 25
Are the effects of enrichment due to the presence of multiple items or a particular item in the cages of laboratory rat?
Abou-Ismail, U. A. (2011) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2011.06.007 · Cited by 26
Everyday Eating Experiences of Chocolate and Non-Chocolate Snacks Impact Postprandial Anxiety, Energy and Emotional States
Martin, F., Antille, N., Rezzi, S., & Kochhar, S. (2012) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu4060554 · Cited by 25
“For instance, restrained and emotional eaters tend to overeat in response to stress, whereas the intake of unrestrained and non-emotional eaters remains constant or may decrease [3].”
Background
Stress and Food Intake among University Students - Is There a Relationship?
Cheng, S.-H., & Kamil, M. K. M. (2020) · Sains Malaysiana · doi:10.17576/jsm-2020-4901-14 · Cited by 24
Gene × cognition interaction on stress-induced eating: Effect of rumination
Schepers, R., & Markus, C. R. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.01.013 · Cited by 25
Reducing behavioural risk factors for cancer: An affect regulation perspective
O’Leary, D., Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1314480 · Cited by 26
“…studies support this general pattern of findings and have shown that exposure to both acute laboratory (Epel, Lapidus, McEwen, & Brownell, 2001; Oliver, Wardle, & Gibson, 2000; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004) and chronic, environmental stressors (Groesz et al., 2012) lead to increased eating.”
MethodResult
A multimodal investigation of impulsivity as a moderator of the relation between momentary elevations in negative internal states and subsequent dietary lapses
Manasse, S. M., Crochiere, R. J., Dallal, D. H., Lieber, E. W., Schumacher, L. M., Crosby, R. D., Butryn, M. L., & Forman, E. M. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.025 · Cited by 22
Stress-related cortisol response and laboratory eating behavior in obese women
Lorig, F., Kiessl, G. R. R., & Laessle, R. G. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0190-3 · Cited by 24
Associations Among Sleep, Emotional Eating, and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescents
White, M. L., Triplett, O. M., Morales, N., & Dyk, T. R. V. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-024-01692-4 · Cited by 26
“Futhermore, these findings are in line with past research that has posited increased cortisol is linked to dis-inhibited food intake in restrained eaters [54].”
Development of an ecological momentary assessment scale for appetite
Kikuchi, H., Yoshiuchi, K., Inada, S., Ando, T., & Yamamoto, Y. (2015) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-014-0029-6 · Cited by 21
“Although psychosocial factors have been identified as having a significant effect on eating behaviors in previous studies in laboratory analyses or from recalled self-reports [1-3], ecological validity or the validity as to how well the data reflects actual”
Background
Stress-related laboratory eating behavior in adults with obesity and healthy weight
Herhaus, B., Päßler, S., & Petrowski, K. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.018 · Cited by 24
Heightened vagal activity during high-calorie food presentation in obese compared with non-obese individuals—Results of a pilot study
Udo, T., Weinberger, A. H., Grilo, C. M., Brownell, K. D., Dileone, R., Lampert, R. J., Matlin, S. L., Yanagisawa, K., & McKee, S. A. (2013) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2013.05.006 · Cited by 21
“Human laboratory tudies have demonstrated enhanced consumption f high-calorie foods in response to internal cues, uch as psychological stress [3—7] or changes in egative and positive mood states [8—11].”
Background
Stress, Emotional Eating and Food Choices Among University Students During the Covid-19
Cheng, S.-H., & Wong, S. E. (2021) · Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) · doi:10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.983 · Cited by 20
“Besides, Wallis and Hetherington (2004) revealed an association between emotional eating and increased consumption of chocolate after an ego-threatening stressor.”
Background
Brisk walking reduces ad libitum snacking in regular chocolate eaters during a workplace simulation
Oh, H., & Taylor, A. H. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.006 · Cited by 20
Human Emotions on the Onset of Cardiovascular and Small Vessel Related Diseases
Vlachakis, C., Dragoumani, K., Raftopoulou, S., Mantaiou, M., Papageorgiou, L., Tsaniras, S. C., Megalooikonomou, V., & Vlachakis, D. (2018) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.11320 · Cited by 21
Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles
Hill, D., Conner, M. T., Bristow, M., & O'Connor, D. B. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105 · Cited by 18
Emotional Eating Moderates the Relationship between Implicit Measures of Attitudes and Chocolate Consumption
Ayres, K., Prestwich, A., Conner, M. T., & Smith, P. H. (2010) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.793 · Cited by 20
“This disinhibits intake and promotes overeating (Herman & Polivy, 1984; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
Background
Changes in eating behaviour following group therapy for women who binge eat: a pilot study
Seamoore, D., Buckroyd, J., & STOTT, D. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.00960.x · Cited by 17
Sobrealimentación Inducida por la Ansiedad Parte I: Evidencia Conductual, Afectiva, Metabólica y Endocrina
Silva, J. R. (2007) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082007000200005 · Cited by 19
Impact of Eating and Lifestyle Behaviors on Body Weight: Beyond Energy Value
Drapeau, V., Hetherington, M. M., & Tremblay, A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_46 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Stress And Eating Behaviours In Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review And Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Hill, D., Conner, M. T., Clancy, F., Wilding, S., Bristow, M., & O'Connor, D. B. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/fjqsd · Cited by 18
Emotional Eating Predicts Weight Regain Among Black Women in the SisterTalk Intervention
Risica, P. M., Nelson, T., Kumanyika, S., Orona, K. C., Bové, G., Odoms‐Young, A. M., & Gans, K. M. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23045 · Cited by 19
“Frequent emotional eating in our study was reported by a substantial proportion of the women in the intervention (one-third to one-fourth), implying increased caloric intake, which has been confirmed among women with obesity in other contexts (26).”
Background
Predicting Difficulties Controlling Overeating and Drinking When Experiencing Negative Affect in Undergraduate Women
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Brownstone, L. M., Higgins, M. K., Harney, M. B., & Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E. (2012) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2012.31.10.1051 · Cited by 15
Restricción alimentaria y sobrealimentación: Un modelo de la neurociencia afectiva
Silva, J. R. (2008) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872008001000016 · Cited by 16
Propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala revisada de restricción alimentaria en una muestra de adolescentes
Silva, J. R., & Alfonso Urzúa, M. (2010) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy9-2.ppve · Cited by 16
Microbes, oxytocin and stress: Converging players regulating eating behavior
Cuesta‐Marti, C., Uhlig, F., Muguerza, B., Hyland, N. P., Clarke, G. A., & Schellekens, H. (2023) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13243 · Cited by 17
The effect of restrained eating on acute stress-induced food intake in people with obesity
Herhaus, B., & Petrowski, K. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.105045 · Cited by 17
Phenomenological support for escape theory: a qualitative study using explicitation interviews with emotional eaters
Shireen, H., Castelli, S., Legault, M., Dor‐Ziderman, Y., Milad, J. M., & Knaüper, B. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00690-y · Cited by 22
The Assessment of Mindful Food Parenting and Its Relation to Parental Feeding Practices and Child Food Intake
Meers, M. R. (2013) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 14
Screen overload: Pleasant multitasking with screen devices leads to the choice of healthful over less healthful snacks when compared with unpleasant multitasking
Kononova, A. G., McAlister, A. R., & Oh, H. J. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.042 · Cited by 16
PERSPECTIVAS DE ESTUDIO DE LA CONDUCTA ALIMENTARIA
Suárez, A. M. S., & Baquero, L. A. Q. (2009) · Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.33881/2027-1786.rip.2201 · Cited by 14
Eating behaviour patterns are associated with excessive weight gain after liver transplantation
Ferreira, S. C., Penaforte, F. R. O., Cardoso, A., da Silva, M. V. T., Lima, A. S., Correia, M. I. T. D., & Anastácio, L. R. (2019) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12661 · Cited by 14
Individual differences in the drive to overeat
Hetherington, M. M. (2007) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00601.x · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Sex Differences in the Effects of Mental Work and Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity on Energy Intake in Young Adults
Pérusse-Lachance, É., Brassard, P., Chaput, J., Drapeau, V., Teasdale, N., Senécal, C. B., & Tremblay, A. (2013) · ISRN Nutrition · doi:10.5402/2013/723250 · Cited by 14
“Emilie Pérusse-Lachance,1 Patrice Brassard,2 Jean-Philippe Chaput,3 Vicky Drapeau,4 Normand Teasdale,2 Caroline Sénécal,5 and Angelo Tremblay2 1 Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada G9A 5H7 2Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec C…”
Result
Cyclothymic Temperament is Associated with Poor Medication Adherence and Disordered Eating in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Case–Control Study
Yamamoto, T., Sakurai, K., Watanabe, M., Sakuma, I., Kanahara, N., Shiina, A., Hasegawa, T., Watanabe, H., Iyo, M., & Ishibashi, R. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01121-y · Cited by 14
Individual differences in the dietary response to stress in ecological momentary assessment: Does the individual‐difference model need expansion?
Ruf, A., Neubauer, A. B., Koch, E. D., Ebner‐Priemer, U., Reif, A., & Matura, S. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12400 · Cited by 13
Understanding emotional and binge eating: from sports training to tailgating.
Woolsey, C. L., Mannion, J., Williams, R. D., Steffen, W., Aruguete, M. S., Evans, M. W., Spradley, B. D., Jacobson, B. H., Edwards, W., Kensinger, W. S., et al. (2013) · The Sport Journal · Cited by 12
Partial sleep deprivation and food intake in participants reporting binge eating symptoms and emotional eating: preliminary results of a quasi-experimental study
Cerolini, S., Rodgers, R. F., & Lombardo, C. (2018) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0547-5 · Cited by 12
The Indicator of Emotional Eating and Its Effects on Dietary Patterns among Female Students at Qassim University
Alharbi, R. M., & Alharbi, H. F. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163553 · Cited by 15
Determinants of Perceived Stress in Individuals with Obesity: Exploring the Relationship of Potentially Obesity-Related Factors and Perceived Stress
Junne, F., Ziser, K., Giel, K. E., Schag, K., Skoda, E., Mack, I., Niess, A. M., Zipfel, S., & Teufel, M. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000454833 · Cited by 11
The Relationship between Sense of Coherence, Stress, Body Image Satisfaction and Eating Behavior in Japanese and Austrian Students
Kato, Y., Greimel, E., Hu, C., Müller-Gartner, M., Salchinger, B., Freidl, W., Saito, S., & Roth, R. (2019) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych1010039 · Cited by 12
Relationship between Perceived Stress, Obesity, and Hypertension in Korean Adults and Older Adults
Park, S.-E., So, W.-Y., Kang, Y.-S., & Yang, J.-H. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11162271 · Cited by 13
Are music listening strategies associated with reduced food consumption following negative mood inductions; a series of three exploratory experimental studies
van den Tol, A. J. M., Coulthard, H., Lang, V. A., & Wallis, D. J. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.105947 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Managing Immediate Needs in the Pursuit of Health Goals: The Role of Coping in Self‐Regulation
de Ridder, D. T. D., & Kuijer, R. G. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470713150.ch7 · Cited by 10
Development and preliminary validation of the comprehensive emotional eating scale (CEES)
Hooper, M. A., Dixit, U., Ahlich, E. M., & Zickgraf, H. F. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107969 · Cited by 9
Emotions, perceived knowledge and food behaviors during stressful periods
Xie, H., Veeck, A., Yu, H., & Hong, Z. (2023) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-08-2022-0717 · Cited by 11
Construct validation of the Portuguese version of the Restraint Scale
Carvalho, J., Marques, M. M., Ferreira, M. B., & Lima, M. L. (2016) · Psychology Community & Health · doi:10.5964/pch.v5i2.170 · Cited by 8
“…be induced through other conditions, such as the perceived caloric content of the preload (Polivy, 1976), mere exposure to palatable food without consumption (Fedoroff, Polivy, & Herman, 2003; Shimizu & Wansink, 2011), emotional distress (e.g., Polivy & Herman, 1999; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
Background
The Effect of Peer Stress on Body Dissatisfaction in Female and Male Young Adults
Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Byrne, D. G. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.046514 · Cited by 8
“However, experimental studies in interpersonal rejection have also reported that general negative feedback from others can affect emotional responses (Buckley, Winkel, & Leary, 2004; Stroud et al., 2000; Stroud, Salovey, & Epel, 2002) and food intake (Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
Background
Does confrontation with potential goal failure promote self-regulation? Examining the role of distress in the pursuit of weight goals
de Ridder, D. T. D., Kuijer, R. G., & Ouwehand, C. (2007) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320601020238 · Cited by 8
Neuronal Substrate of Eating Disorders
Calvez, J. (2014) · Brain Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2168-975x.1000121 · Cited by 8
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire studies of the relationship between negative and positive emotional eating and body mass index: Valence matters
Nolan, L. J., Barnhart, W. R., Diorio, G., Gallo, V., & Geliebter, A. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.107966 · Cited by 8
Mood, Weight, and Physical Activity Among Obese Individuals Enrolled In a Long-term Weight-loss Program: Trajectories and Associations with Gender
Langer, S. L., Flood, A. P., Welsh, E. M., Levy, R. L., Jaeb, M. A., Laqua, P. S., Hotop, A. M., Mitchell, N. R., & Jeffery, R. W. (2009) · The Internet Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.5580/200e · Cited by 7
Food in Contemporary Society
Janhonen‐Abruquah, H., & Palojoki, P. E. (2009) · Cited by 7
The psychological basis of obesity
Tsegaye, A., Kökönyei, G., Baldacchino, A., Urbán, R., Demetrovics, Z., & Logemann, H. N. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817921-5.00004-7 · Cited by 8
Driven to Snack: Simulated Driving Increases Subsequent Consumption
van Meer, F., Murphy, S. L., Hofmann, W., van Steenbergen, H., van Dillen, L. F., & van Dillen, L. F. (2023) · Journal of Trial and Error · doi:10.36850/e13 · Cited by 6
Social support and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and perceived academic stress among college students in Puerto Rico.
Pagán, I., Fabián, C., Ríos, J. L., Betancourt, J., Cruz, S. Y., González, A. M., & Rivera-Soto, W. T. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Executive function, perceived stress and eating behaviours among Chinese young adults
Chen, M., Lam, W., Yuan, J., Dong, M., Yang, L., Chan, D. K. C., & Liao, Q. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3397 · Cited by 6
Bacon, Brownie, or Broccoli? Beliefs about Stress-Relieving Foods and Their Relationship to Orthorexia Nervosa
Steinmann, A., Ruf, A., Ahrens, K. F., Reif, A., & Matura, S. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14183673 · Cited by 6
“, healthy foods), particularly fruits and vegetables [9,10].”
Background
Emotional Eating Sustainability in Romania—A Questionnaire-Based Study
Bacârea, A., Bacârea, V., Buicu, C.-F., Crăciun, C., Kosovski, I.-B., Guiné, R. P. F., & Tarcea, M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15042895 · Cited by 8
The Utility of the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) in Predicting 2-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery
Fink‐Miller, E. L., & Rigby, A. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2385-8 · Cited by 5
Impact of mothers' distress and emotional eating on calories served to themselves and their young children: An experimental study
Warnick, J. L., Cardel, M. I., Jones, L. C., Gonzalez-Louis, R. C., & Janicke, D. M. (2022) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12886 · Cited by 5
Cue reactivity in male restrained eaters: The role of negative cognitions as predictors of food intake
Hilbert, A., Vögele, C., & Himmelmann, U. (2007) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03327769 · Cited by 5
Análisis del comportamiento alimentario y sus factores psicológicos en población universitaria no obesa
Morales, J. L. L. (2017) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.34.1.294341 · Cited by 5
Relationship Between Emotional Eating and Big Five Personality Characteristics and Mood Disorder Symptoms
TINMAZOĞLU, E., & Doksat, N. G. (2020) · MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi · doi:10.33206/mjss.524030 · Cited by 4
Cognitive work on a walking desk does not lead to compensatory appetitive responses in healthy young adults
Metz, L., Guirado, T., Beaulieu, K., Pereira, B., Brun, C., Coutarel, F., Duclos, M., & Thivel, D. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114008 · Cited by 4
Linking Sleep Deprivation and Binge Eating: Empirical Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms
Cerolini, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16691-4_64 · Cited by 5
Régulation de la prise alimentaire consécutive à un travail mental exigeant.
Dupont, M., Drapeau, V., Senécal, C. B., Gallant, A. R., Pérusse-Lachance, É., & Tremblay, A. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000061 · Cited by 4
“…dans la présente étude et les résultats d’autres études proposant que l’effort cognitif diminue la capacité d’autorégulation (Schmeichel et al., 2003; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004), il est tout de même possible que la capacité d’autorégulation des participants ait été altérée à la suite de la…”
Background
Energy balance: impact of physiology and psychology on food choice and eating behavior
Johnstone, A. M., & Stephen, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818460-8.00008-3 · Cited by 5
Fight or flight: The effect of heart rate reactivity on acute stress-induced food intake
Herhaus, B., Bastianon, C., Ghassabei, S., & Petrowski, K. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113704 · Cited by 4
Stressful task increases drive for thinness and bulimia: a laboratory study
Sassaroli, S., Fiore, F., Mezzaluna, C., & Ruggiero, G. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00591 · Cited by 4
“On the contrary, other studies have found that severe or chronic stress leads to a reduced intake of food, including fatty foods (Herman et al., 1987; Wallis and Hetherington, 2004).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Food Cue Reactivity and the Brain-Heart Axis During Cognitive Stress Following Clinically Relevant Weight Loss
Rauch, H. G. L., Hume, D. J., Howells, F. M., Kroff, J., & Lambert, E. V. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2018.00135 · Cited by 3
“However, rather than this being a simple one-to-one relationship (28), restrained eaters have been found to succumb when allocating cognitive resources to an attentiondemanding task that overstretch their ability to monitor dietary restraint (29).”
Background
Investigating stress and health behaviour relationships in daily life: towards a framework for advancing future research
Inauen, J., Allan, J., Aulbach, M. B., Bamert, M., Blechert, J., Lüthi, S., Powell, D., Ruf, A., & O'Connor, D. B. (2026) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2026.2637421 · Cited by 8
“…that – besides duration and intensity as discussed above – different types of stressors (e.g., work-related, interpersonal, or academic stressors) can have distinct associations with health behaviours (Gerhardt et al., 2021; Lüthi et al., 2025; O’Connor et al., 2008; Wallis & Hetherington, 2004).”
The role of perceived negative partner behavior in daily snacking behavior: A dynamical systems approach
Lin, J., MacCormack, J. K., Boker, S. M., Coan, J. A., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107393 · Cited by 3
Impact of “noncaloric” activity-related factors on the predisposition to obesity in children
Tremblay, A. (2010) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s7986 · Cited by 3
Concept Mapping Analysis of Diet by College Female Students
Lee, S., & 오보영 (2018) · The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology · doi:10.18205/kpa.2018.23.2.002 · Cited by 3
Determinantes socioeconómicos y emocionales en el consumo de nuevos alimentos. Un estudio piloto.
Barrena, R., de meneses, T. G. L., & López-Mosquera, N. (2015) · Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria · doi:10.12706/itea.2016.006 · Cited by 3
Duygusal Yeme: Değerlendirme Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Yurtsever, S. S., & Sütcü, S. T. (2022) · Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.7816/nesne-10-23-09 · Cited by 2
Does the type of stressor moderate the stress-snacking relationship? An intensive-longitudinal study
Lüthi, S., Bamert, M., & Inauen, J. (2025) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2025.108145 · Cited by 3
The Relationship Between Covid-related Psychological Distress and Perceived Stress With Emotional Eating in Iranian Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
Naeimijoo, P., Masjedi‐Arani, A., Bakhtiari, M., Farsani, G. M., & Yousefi, A. (2021) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.9.4.803.1 · Cited by 2
Investigating the effect of an online self-compassion for weight management (SC4WM) intervention on self-compassion, eating behaviour, physical activity and body weight in adults seeking to manage weight: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Brenton-Peters, J., Consedine, N. S., Cavadino, A., Roy, R., & Serlachius, A. S. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056174 · Cited by 2

Authors: Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Hetherington, M.M.
ORCID: Wallis, D.J.
Hetherington, M.M.
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-08
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-46
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001
OpenAlex: W1996434438
Cited by: 278
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 9.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dspace.lboro.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion)
Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: stress eating, ego threat, cognitive demand, dietary intake, dietary restraint, emotional eating, Stroop task, self-awareness, reaction time
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Appetite, Eating, Ego, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Stress and eating: the effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks