Cited by 278Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Stress and eating: the effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters

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Wallis, D.J., Hetherington, M.M.·2004·Appetite

DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001

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Abstract

Restrained and emotional eaters overeat in response to stress. To compare differential effects of cognitive demand and ego-threatening stressors on subsequent chocolate intake, 38 females completed a neutral (control), an ego threatening and an incongruent Stroop colour-naming task on three separate occasions. Participants were assigned to four groups based on median-split scores on the restrained and emotional eating scales of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-high restraint/high emotional, high restraint/low emotional, low restraint/high emotional and low restraint/low emotional. Higher response latencies were observed in the incongruent task, confirming its greater cognitive (attentional) demand. Overall intake was enhanced by 23% after ego-threat and 15% after the incongruent Stroop task relative to control. Restraint was associated with greater intake after both ego-threat and the incongruent task than in the control condition. In contrast, emotional eating was associated with greater intake after only the ego-threat, relative to control. A positive association between reaction time and subsequent intake in all conditions for high restraint/low emotional eaters provided support for the limited capacity hypothesis. Enhanced intake in emotional eaters is proposed to relate to escape from self-awareness. These findings demonstrate differential effects of threat and demand on stress-related eating in restrained and emotional eaters.

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Untitled work
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Authors: Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Hetherington, M.M.
ORCID: Wallis, D.J.
Hetherington, M.M.
Venue: Appetite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-08
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-46
ISSN: 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001
OpenAlex: W1996434438
Cited by: 278
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 9.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dspace.lboro.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Appetite (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion)
Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: stress eating, ego threat, cognitive demand, dietary intake, dietary restraint, emotional eating, Stroop task, self-awareness, reaction time
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Appetite, Eating, Ego, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological

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Stress and eating: the effects of ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional eaters

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