A novel frost-free control strategy and its energy evaluation of the CO2 heat pump system

Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting

Song, M., Deng, S., Dang, C., Mao, N., & Wang, Z. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.022 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

A review of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump and refrigeration cycles

Ma, Y., Liu, Z., & Tian, H. (2013) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.030 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

Developing a new frosting map to guide defrosting control for air-source heat pump units

Zhu, J. H., Sun, Y. Y., Wang, W., Deng, S. M., Ge, Y. J., & Li, L. T. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.076 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Experimental study on automotive cooling and heating air conditioning system using CO2 as a refrigerant

Tamura, T., Yakumaru, Y., & Nishiwaki, F. (2005) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.09.010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Performance improvement of heat pumps using novel microchannel heat exchangers with plain-louver fins during periodic frosting and defrosting cycles in electric vehicles

Hong, S. H., Jang, D. S., Yun, S., Baek, J. H., & Kim, Y. (2020) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113306 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Experimental energetic analysis of CO2/R41 blends in automobile air-conditioning and heat pump systems

Yu, B., Yang, J., Wang, D., Shi, J., Guo, Z., & Chen, J. (2019) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.02.028 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Drop-in analysis of an internal heat exchanger in a vapour compression system using R1234ze(E) and R450A as alternatives for R134a

Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á., Molés, F., & Peris, B. (2015) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.133 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Prediction of the frost growth and performance change of air source heat pump system under various frosting conditions

Chung, Y., Yoo, J. W., Kim, G. T., & Kim, M. S. (2019) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.085 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Experimental research on a novel cold storage defrost method based on air bypass circulation and electric heater

Yin, H.-J., Yang, Z., Chen, A.-Q., & Zhang, N. (2011) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.10.040 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Experimental investigation of the performance of microchannel heat exchangers with a new type of fin under wet and frosting conditions

Xu, B., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Xu, K., Li, F., & Wang, N. (2015) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.037 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Experimental research on charge determination and accumulator behavior in trans-critical CO2 mobile air-conditioning system

Wang, D., Zhang, Z., Yu, B., Wang, X., Shi, J., & Chen, J. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.116 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Anti-frosting performance of sprayable superhydrophobic coating suitable for outdoor coil of air source heat pump

Wang, F., Zhou, Y., Yang, W., Ni, M., Zhang, X., & Liang, C. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.114967 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Research on frost formation in air source heat pump at cold-moist conditions in central-south China

Gong, G., Tang, J., Lv, D., & Wang, H. (2013) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Experimental and theoretical investigation on defrosting characteristics of a multi-split air source heat pump with vapor injection

Wei, W.-Z., Ni, L., Wang, W., & Yao, Y. (2020) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109938 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Experimental study of cyclic frosting and defrosting on microchannel heat exchangers with different coatings

Pu, L., Liu, R., Huang, H., Zhang, S., Qi, Z., Xu, W., & Zhou, J. (2020) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110382 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Performance analysis on a novel sorption air conditioner for electric vehicles

Jiang, L., Wang, R. Z., Li, J. B., Wang, L., & Roskilly, A. P. (2017) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.077 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Performance evaluation of secondary loop low-temperature heat pump system for frost prevention in electric vehicles

Li, W., Liu, Y., Liu, R., Wang, D., Shi, J., Yu, Z., Cheng, L., & Chen, J. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115615 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Experimental investigation on the hot gas bypass defrosting in air source transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater

Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Song, Y., Yin, X. G., & Cao, F. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115571 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

The effects of frost thickness on the heat transfer of finned tube heat exchanger subject to the combined influence of fan types

Huang, J.-M., Hsieh, W.-C., Ke, X.-J., & Wang, C.-C. (2008) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.06.020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Experimental investigation on a novel frost-free air source heat pump system combined with liquid desiccant dehumidification and closed-circuit regeneration

Su, W., Li, W., Zhou, J.-M., & Zhang, X. (2018) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.09.085 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

A determination method of defrosting start time with frost accumulation amount tracking in air source heat pump systems

Chung, Y., Na, S.-I., Yoo, J. W., & Kim, M. S. (2021) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116405 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Techno-economic evaluation of a frost-free air source heat pump water heater

Wang, Z., Li, G., Wang, F., Li, K., & Lou, Y. (2020) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102102 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Evaluation of the impacts of high stage refrigerant charge on cascade heat pump performance

Chae, J.-H., & Choi, J. M. (2014) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.07.042 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Experimental analysis of reverse cycle defrosting and control strategy optimization for transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump water heater

Wang, Y., Ye, Z., Song, Y., Yin, X., & Cao, F. (2020) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116213 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Local frost behaviors of a scaled-up louvered fin heat exchanger

Park, J.-S., Kim, D. R., & Lee, K.-S. (2015) · International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.06.025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Review of flow condensation of CO2 as a refrigerant

Li, P., Chen, J. J. J., & Norris, S. (2016) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.07.022 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) of Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems with HFC-134a, HFC-152a and R-744

Hafner, A., Nekså, P., & Pettersen, J. (2004) · Cited by 15 · see citing works

A novel self-adaptive control strategy of frost prevention and retardation for air source heat pumps in winter conditions

Tang, J., Herman, Č., & Gong, G. (2020) · Applied Mathematical Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.apm.2020.02.027 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Pseudo-optimal discharge pressure analysis of transcritical CO2 electric vehicle heat pumps due to temperature glide

Wang, A., Cao, F., Yin, X., Jia, F., Fang, J., & Wang, X. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118856 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Driving range evaluation of electric vehicle with transcritical CO2 thermal management system under different battery temperature controls

Wang, A., Li, Q., Cao, F., & Hu, D. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140208 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Performance research on a CO2 heat pump system with novel control strategy in electric vehicle

Teng, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Song, Z., Liu, D., Liu, Z., Xue, X., Chang, W., & Li, M. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124877 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Research on efficient defrosting control logic for transcritical CO2 electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system

Wang, A., Cao, F., Fang, J., Jia, F., Yin, X. G., & Wang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.03.028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Experimental study and performance evaluation of an air source heat pump (ASHP) system with a frost-free evaporator

Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Zhou, D., Zhang, J., Qu, X., Zhang, Z., & He, F. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141469 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Thermal-hydraulic and drainage performance of microchannel heat exchangers for refrigeration and heat pump systems under frosting, defrosting, and wet conditions: A comprehensive review

Xiong, T., Liu, G., Gao, Q., Yan, G., & Yu, J. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105654 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Enhancing heat-exchanger performance in frost conditions via superhydrophobic surface modification

He, H., Zhou, X., Lyu, N., Wang, F., Liang, C., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122914 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Review of Recent Advances in Transcritical CO2 Heat Pump and Refrigeration Cycles and Their Development in the Vehicle Field

Ji, H., Pei, J., Cai, J., Ding, C., Guo, F., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16104011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Enhancing control disorder and implementing V2X-Based suppression methods for electric vehicle CO2 thermal management systems

Jia, F., Yin, X., Cao, F., Cui, C., Fang, J., & Wang, X. (2024) · eTransportation · doi:10.1016/j.etran.2024.100336 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Principle and Performance Optimization Analysis of a Frost-Free Control for Electric Vehicle Heat Pumps

Wang, A., Yin, X. G., Jia, F., Cao, F., Wu, Z., & Sunden, B. A. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120267 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Research progress and applications of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pumps: A review

Mei, S., Liu, Z., & Liu, X. (2023) · Clean Energy Science and Technology · doi:10.18686/cest.v1i2.118 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Energy utilization of CO2 thermal management system for electric vehicles in cold climate: Assessment of different heat source modes

Teng, H., Li, M., Wang, J., Xiong, S., Lu, C., Song, Z., Chen, H., & Jiang, Y. H. (2025) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.025 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Research on gas-liquid interface parameters related to thermal performance of frost-free evaporator of air source heat pump

Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, G. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121659 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Thermal-hydraulic performance of two-row vertical-finned microchannel heat exchangers: experimental comparison of parallel and opposite fin orientations for HVAC applications

Shi, K., Luo, Y., Zheng, C., Li, F., Yue, B., Zhao, R., & Huang, D. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128928 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

An investigation on the efficient reverse cycle defrosting strategy for microchannel heat exchanger heat pump system

Xiong, T., Liu, G., Wang, S., Yan, G. F., & Yu, J. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106537 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Dynamic trade-off balancing and energy savings in battery-cabin coupled CO2 EVTMS via semi-series refrigerant direct cooling architecture

Jia, F., Yin, X., Wang, A., Han, X., Chen, B., Cao, F., & Wang, X. (2026) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120977 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Experimental study of active–passive defrosting strategy for heat exchangers with superhydrophobic surface modification

Sun, H., He, H. R., Lyu, N., Wang, F., Liang, C., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.128484 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Time-dependent range degradation in low-carbon electric vehicle thermal management systems: A quantitative assessment across China

Jia, F., Yin, X., Zhang, Y., Fang, J., Zong, S., Cao, F., Chen, B., & Wang, X. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124495 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Vertical-finned microchannel heat exchangers: Fin geometry effects on thermal–hydraulic performance under dry and frosting conditions

Luo, Y., Meng, L., Zheng, C., Ye, J., Huang, J., Shi, K., Li, F., Yue, B., & Luo, B. (2026) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.130473 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Investigation of an improved frost-free air-source heat pump system coupled with a recirculated regenerative desiccant wheel

Su, M., Han, X., Liu, J., Peng, H., Wang, C., & Braimakis, K. (2026) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111303 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Quantitative evaluation of the evaporator configuration’s implications on the performance enhancement in CO2 thermal management system for electric vehicle

Fang, J., Zhang, Y., Jia, F., Yin, X., Chen, B., Cao, F., & Wang, X. (2025) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.029 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Mechanism and mitigation of temperature nonuniformity in CO2 direct-cooled battery packs during fast charging by evaporating pressure matching

Jia, F., Yin, X., Han, X., Cao, F., Chen, B., & Wang, X. (2026) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2026.141094 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Advances and challenges of R744 based thermal management systems in electric vehicles

Foliaco, B., & Gullo, P. (2026) · Discover Vehicles · doi:10.1007/s44465-026-00014-3

Dew-point aware dynamic evaporation pressure control for condensation suppression in direct cooling EV battery systems

Chen, B., Jia, F., Han, X., Yin, X., Cao, F., Zhang, Z., & Wang, X. (2026) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.106992

Explainable machine learning tools for carbon dioxide frost point prediction in methane-based gas mixtures

Khwaldeh, A., Gowrishankar, J., Hota, S., Mostafa, S. A., Rajput, P. K., Kaur, N., Shakir, A. K., Kumar, N., & Ranjbar, F. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112915

Research on efficient defrosting control logic for transcritical CO2 electric vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system

Wang, A., Cao, F., Fang, J., Jia, F., Yin, X. G., & Wang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.03.028 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Performance of an automotive reversible CO2 heat pump system during periodic frosting-defrosting cycles

Zhang, W., Li, W., & Hrnjak, P. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121892 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Development of the effective defrosting criterion for electric vehicles transcritical CO2 heat pumps under constant heating capacity operation

Wang, A., Cao, F., Jia, F., Liu, Y., Yin, X., Song, Y., & Wang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Refrigeration · doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.10.023 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Principle and Performance Optimization Analysis of a Frost-Free Control for Electric Vehicle Heat Pumps

Wang, A., Yin, X. G., Jia, F., Cao, F., Wu, Z., & Sunden, B. A. (2022) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120267 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Heating Control Strategy of CO 2 Heat Pump Air Conditioning System of Electric Vehicle Based on Waste Heat Recovery Technology

Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y. H., Wu, L., & He, L. (2024) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202401463 · Cited by 5 · see citing works