Cited by 385Barrier Structure and Function StudiesMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

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Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis

Ortiz, Genaro Gabriel, Pacheco-Moisés, Fermín Paul, Macías-Islas, Miguel Ángel, Flores-Alvarado, Luis Javier, Mireles-Ramírez, Mario A., González-Renovato, Erika Daniela, Hernández-Navarro, Vanessa Elizabeth, Sánchez-López, Angélica Lizeth, Alatorre-Jiménez, Moisés Alejandro·2014·Archives of Medical Research

DOI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.013

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with demyelination and axonal loss eventually leading to neurodegeneration. MS exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a complex organization of cerebral endothelial cells, pericytes and their basal lamina, which are surrounded and supported by astrocytes and perivascular macrophages. In pathological conditions, lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Cytotoxic factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accumulate and may contribute to myelin destruction. Dysregulation of the BBB and transendothelial migration of activated leukocytes are among the earliest cerebrovascular abnormalities seen in MS brains and parallel the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this review we establish the importance of the role of the BBB in MS. Improvements in our understanding of molecular mechanism of BBB functioning in physiological and pathological conditions could lead to improvement in the quality of life of MS patients.

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Authors: Ortiz, G. G., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., Macías-Islas, M. Á., Flores-Alvarado, L. J., Mireles-Ramírez, M. A., González-Renovato, E. D., Hernández-Navarro, V. E., Sánchez-López, A. L., & Alatorre-Jiménez, M. A.
Affiliations: Mexican Social Security Institute (MX)
Universidad de Guadalajara (MX)
ORCID: Macías-Islas, Miguel Ángel
Flores-Alvarado, Luis Javier
Mireles-Ramírez, Mario A.
Sánchez-López, Angélica Lizeth
Alatorre-Jiménez, Moisés Alejandro
Venue: Archives of Medical Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-11
Volume: 45
Issue: 8
Pages: 687-697
ISSN: 0066-6769 (ISSN-L)
0188-4409
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.013
OpenAlex: W2001448765
Cited by: 373
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11
FWCI: 0.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Medical Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, blood-brain barrier, demyelination, neuroinflammation, leukocyte transendothelial migration, brain endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, perivascular macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myelin destruction, axonal loss, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Multiple Sclerosis, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Cells, Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration

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