Cited by 765Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative MechanismsRedox biology and oxidative stressNitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects

Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response

Open access
Wink, David A, Hines, Harry B, Cheng, Robert Y S, Switzer, Christopher H, Flores-Santana, Wilmarie, Vitek, Michael P, Ridnour, Lisa A, Colton, Carol A·2011·Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Abstract

The role of redox molecules, such as NO and ROS, as key mediators of immunity has recently garnered renewed interest and appreciation. To regulate immune responses, these species trigger the eradication of pathogens on the one hand and modulate immunosuppression during tissue-restoration and wound-healing processes on the other. In the acidic environment of the phagosome, a variety of RNS and ROS is produced, thereby providing a cauldron of redox chemistry, which is the first line in fighting infection. Interestingly, fluctuations in the levels of these same reactive intermediates orchestrate other phases of the immune response. NO activates specific signal transduction pathways in tumor cells, endothelial cells, and monocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. As ROS can react directly with NO-forming RNS, NO bioavailability and therefore, NO response(s) are changed. The NO/ROS balance is also important during Th1 to Th2 transition. In this review, we discuss the chemistry of NO and ROS in the context of antipathogen activity and immune regulation and also discuss similarities and differences between murine and human production of these intermediates.

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Crossref · 10.1189/jlb.1010550

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  • nNOS and eNOS are constitutively expressed and produce a low level of NO for short periods (seconds to minutes).

    “nNOS and eNOS, which are expressed constitutively, produce a low level of NO for short periods (seconds to minutes).447”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [447]

  • Three types of NOS have been identified: neuronal NOS (nNOS/NOS1), endothelial NOS (eNOS/NOS3), and inducible NOS (iNOS/NOS2).

    “At present, three types of NOS have been identified, including neuronal NOS (nNOS, also named as NOS1), endothelial NOS (eNOS, also named as NOS3), and inducible NOS (iNOS, also named as NOS2).447”

    From Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023) · cites this paper as [447]

  • Intracellular communication and immune response are mediated by at least five classes of endogenously generated reactive small molecules.

    “Intracellular communication and immune response are mediated by at least five classes of endogenously generated reactive small molecules (Figure 1): nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), eicosanoids and reactive lipid species (formed by oxidation of fatty acids), a variety of sulfur-based species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), thiols and disul”

    From Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology (2015) · cites this paper as [3]

  • An additional mechanism for IL-10 production is through NO-dependent increases of COX2.

    “An additional mechanism for IL-10 production is through NO-dependent increases of COX2 [3, 57]].”

    From Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology (2015) · cites this paper as [3]

  • In chronic disease, persistent wound healing processes can lead to fibrosis or tumor growth.

    “In chronic disease, involving extended exposure to pathogens or particulates such as plaques in the brain or following a critical mutation, wound healing processes persist and can lead to fibrosis or tumor growth [3].”

    From Signaling and stress: The redox landscape in NOS2 biology (2015) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors
Wink, D. A., Hines, H. B., Cheng, R. Y. S., Switzer, C. H., Flores-Santana, W., Vitek, M. P., Ridnour, L. A., & Colton, C. A.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (US)
  • Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
  • Duke Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
  • Wink, David A
  • Colton, Carol A
Venue
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Published
2011-01-13
Volume
89
Issue
6
Pages
873-891
ISSN
  • 0741-5400 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-3673
OpenAlex
W2171480404
Cited by
765
References
259
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 27
FWCI
3.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Leukocyte Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (R01AG031845, R01AG031124)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Keywords
nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, redox signaling, immune regulation, phagosome, immunosuppression, wound healing, Th1/Th2 balance, signal transduction, pathogen eradication
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Nitric Oxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Signal Transduction

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