Cited by 346Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 326 of the 328 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Więckowska-Gacek, Angelika, Mietelska-Porowska, Anna, Wydrych, Małgorzata, Wojda, Urszula·2021·Ageing Research Reviews

Abstract

An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes through which such diet may contribute to AD pathogenesis is missing. We addressed this need through extensive analysis of published studies investigating the effects of western diet (WD) on AD development in humans and laboratory animals. We reviewed WD-induced systemic alterations comprising metabolic changes, induction of obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and acceleration of systemic low-grade inflammation. Next we provide an overview of the evidence demonstrating that WD-associated systemic alterations drive impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and development of neuroinflammation paralleled by accumulation of toxic amyloid. Later these changes are followed by dysfunction of synaptic transmission, neurodegeneration and finally memory and cognitive impairment. We conclude that WD can trigger AD by acceleration of inflammaging, and that BBB impairment induced by metabolic and systemic inflammation play the central role in this process. Moreover, the concurrence of neuroinflammation and Aβ dyshomeostasis, which by reciprocal interactions drive the vicious cycle of neurodegeneration, contradicts Aβ as the primary trigger of AD. Given that in 2019 the World Health Organization recommended focusing on modifiable risk factors in AD prevention, this overview of the sequential, complex pathomechanisms initiated by WD, which can lead from peripheral disturbances to neurodegeneration, can support future prevention strategies.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397

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Metadata

Authors
Więckowska-Gacek, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., Wydrych, M., & Wojda, U.
Affiliations
Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego (PL)
Venue
Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-09
Volume
70
Pages
101397
ISSN
1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3174384278
Cited by
343
References
328
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 9
FWCI
7.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (UMO-2014/15/D/NZ4/04361, UMO-2018/29/N/NZ7/01724)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Western diet, Alzheimer's disease, metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, blood-brain barrier, amyloid-beta, inflammaging, gut dysbiosis, obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, memory impairment, cognitive impairment, dietary saturated fatty acids, sugar consumption, modifiable risk factors
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Dysfunction, Diet, Western

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