Cited by 109Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthPhysical Activity and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Aerobic exercise and HDL2-C: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Open access

Kelley, George A., Kelley, K.S.·2006·Atherosclerosis

DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.005PMC PMC2447856

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Purpose Use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on high-density lipoprotein two cholesterol (HDL2-C) in adults. STUDY SOURCES: (1) Computerized literature searches; (2) cross-referencing from retrieved articles; (3) hand-searching; and (4) expert review of our reference list.Study selection (1) Randomized controlled trials; (2) aerobic exercise > or = 8 weeks; (3) adults > or = 18 years of age; (4) studies published in journal, dissertation, or master's thesis format; (5) studies published in the English-language between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 2003; and (6) assessment of HDL2-C in the fasting state.Data abstraction All coding conducted by both authors, independent of each other. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.Results Nineteen randomized controlled trials representing 20 HDL2-C outcomes from 984 males and females (516 exercise, 468 control) were pooled for analysis. Using random-effects modeling and bootstrap confidence intervals (BCI), a statistically significant increase of approximately 11% was observed for HDL2-C (X +/- S.E.M., 2.6 +/- 0.9 mg/dl, 95% BCI, 1.0-4.4 mg/dl). With each study deleted from the model once, results remained statistically significant. Increases in HDL2-C were independent of decreases in body weight, body mass index (kg/m2), and percent body fat.Conclusion Aerobic exercise increases HDL2-C in adults.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.005

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report.
(2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.106.25.3143 · Cited by 14,092
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
Aspirin plus Clopidogrel as Secondary Prevention after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons.
Rothman, K. J. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010 · Cited by 5,965
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil Monotherapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis
Dong, Y., Hao, L., Shi, Z., Wang, G., Zhang, Z., & Han, C. (2013) · Urologia Internationalis · doi:10.1159/000351405 · Cited by 4,557
ACSM Position Stand: The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Healthy Adults
Pollock, M. L., Gaesser, G. A., Butcher, J. D., Despr??s, J.-P., Dishman, R. K., Franklin, B. A., & Garber, C. E. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032 · Cited by 3,051
The plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction
Glomset, J. A. (1968) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)43114-1 · Cited by 2,396
THE FILE-DRAWER PROBLEM REVISITED: A GENERAL WEIGHTED METHOD FOR CALCULATING FAIL-SAFE NUMBERS IN META-ANALYSIS
Rosenberg, M. S. (2005) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01004.x · Cited by 1,285
Fixed effects vs. random effects meta-analysis models: implications for cumulative research knowledge.
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2000) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00156 · Cited by 833 · cited 1×
“A random-effects model was used for all analyses [28,29].”
Method
Changes in Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight Men during Weight Loss through Dieting as Compared with Exercise
Wood, P. D., Stefanick, M. L., Dreon, D. M., Frey-Hewitt, B., Garay, S. C., Williams, P. T., Superko, H. R., Fortmann, S. P., Albers, J. J., Vranizan, K. M., et al. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811033191801 · Cited by 675
Vote-counting methods in research synthesis.
Hedges, L., & Olkin, I. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.2.359 · Cited by 511
Increased exercise level and plasma lipoprotein concentrations: A one-year, randomized, controlled study in sedentary, middle-aged men
Wood, P. D., Haskell, W. L., Blair, S. N., Williams, P. T., Krauss, R. M., Lindgren, F. T., Albers, J. J., Ho, P., & Farquhar, J. W. (1983) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(83)90152-x · Cited by 354
Effects of Weight Loss vs Aerobic Exercise Training on Risk Factors for Coronary Disease in Healthy, Obese, Middle-aged and Older Men
Katzel, L. I. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530240025035 · Cited by 304
Blood pressure reductions with exercise and sodium restriction in postmenopausal women with elevated systolic pressure: role of arterial stiffness
Seals, D. R., Tanaka, H., Clevenger, C. M., Monahan, K. D., Reiling, M. J., Hiatt, W. R., Davy, K. P., & DeSouza, C. A. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01348-1 · Cited by 187
Making Bootstrap Statistical Inferences: A Tutorial
Zhu, W. (1997) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608865 · Cited by 167
MetaWin: Statistical Software for Meta-analysis with Resampling Tests
Adams, D. C., Gurevitch, J., & Rosenburg, M. S. (1997) · Cited by 153
Effects of low-intensity aerobic training on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in healthy elderly subjects
Sunami, Y., Motoyama, M., Kinoshita, F., Mizooka, Y., SUETA, K., Matsunaga, A., Sasaki, J., Tanaka, H., & Shindo, M. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90194-4 · Cited by 127
The effect of moderate physical exercise on the plasma lipoprotein subfractions of male survivors of myocardial infarction.
Ballantyne, F. C., Clark, R. S., Simpson, H. S., & Ballantyne, D. (1982) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.65.5.913 · Cited by 95
The independent effects of exercise and estrogen on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women
Lindheim, S. R., Notelovitz, M., FELDMAN, E. B., Larsen, S., & Khan, F. Y. (1994) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(94)90488-x · Cited by 93
Effects of mild physical exercise on serum lipoproteins and metabolites of arachidonic acid: a controlled randomised trial in middle aged men.
Rauramaa, R., Salonen, J. T., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Seppänen, K., Seppälä, E., Vapaatalo, H., & Huttunen, J. K. (1984) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6417.603 · Cited by 84
Influence of 12 weeks of training by brisk walking on postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in sedentary middle-aged women
Aldred, H. E., Hardman, A. E., & Taylor, S. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90172-8 · Cited by 82
High-density lipoprotein subfractions and risk of coronary artery disease
Morgan, J., Carey, C., Lincoff, A., & Capuzzi, D. (2004) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-004-0047-0 · Cited by 75 · cited 2×
“appears to provide greater protection against CHD than high-density lipoprotein three cholesterol (HDL3-C) [3].”
Background
Long-term physical training in female Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: absence of significant effect on glycaemic control and lipoprotein levels
Wallberg‐Henriksson, H., GUNNARSSON, R., Rössner, S., & Wahren, J. (1986) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf02427281 · Cited by 70
A two year randomized exercise trial in older women: effects on HDL-cholesterol
Cauley, J. A., Kriska, A. M., LaPorte, R. E., Sandler, R. B., & Pambianco, G. (1987) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90068-2 · Cited by 64
Effects of long-term, self-monitored exercise on the serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile in middle-aged men
Marti, B., Suter, E., Riesen, W. F., Tschopp, A., Wanner, H., & Gutzwiller, F. F. (1990) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(90)90055-n · Cited by 57
Untitled work
(1988) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Effects of weight loss vs aerobic exercise training on risk factors for coronary disease in healthy, obese, middle-aged and older men. A randomized controlled trial
Katzel, L. I. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.24.1915 · Cited by 51
Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Serum Lipids in African-American Men With Severe Systemic Hypertension
Kokkinos, P. F., Narayan, P., Colleran, J. A., Fletcher, R. D., Lakshman, M., & Papademetriou, V. (1998) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)01020-5 · Cited by 45
Mild Exercise Therapy Increases Serum High Density Lipoprotein2 Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Sasaki, J., Urata, H., Tanabe, Y., Kinoshita, A. K. A., Tanaka, H., Shindo, M., & Arakawa, K. (1989) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-198904000-00004 · Cited by 38
Effect of moderate exercise on serum lipids in young men with low high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Raz, I., Rosenblit, H., & Kark, J. D. (1988) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.3.245 · Cited by 37
Program of Exercise Training as Total Health Promotion Plan and its Evaluation
Fukahori, M., Aono, H., Saito, I., Ikebe, T., & Ozawa, H. (1999) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.41.76 · Cited by 29
Retrieval of missing data for meta-analysis: A practical example
Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Vu Tran, Z. (2004) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462304001114 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Little effect of long-term, self-monitored exercise on serum lipid levels in middle-aged women.
Suter, E., & Marti, B. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Effect of physical exercise on lipid metabolism in the elderly.
Veríssimo, M. T., Aragão, A., Sousa, A. C., Barbosa, B., Ribeiro, H., Costa, D., & Saldanha, M. H. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Physical training plasma lipoproteins and faecal steroid excretion in sedentary men
Sutherland, W. H. F., Nye, E. R., Boulter, C. P., & Shelling, A. N. (1988) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.1988.tb00210.x · Cited by 9
The effects of various caloric expenditures per week at moderate levels of exercise training intensity on coronary risk factors in women
Miller, C. W. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3
Bootstrap Procedures for Corroborating Mean Outcomes From Meta-Analytic Data: A Brief Tutorial
Kelley, G. A. (1997) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1207/s15327841mpee0104_1 · Cited by 3
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Miller, N. H., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1 · Cited by 2,261
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Houston Miller, N., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.003 · Cited by 1,160
Cardiometabolic Risk of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medications During First-Time Use in Children and Adolescents
Correll, C. U. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1549 · Cited by 1,050
Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases
Song, F., Parekh, Hooper, L., Loke, Y., Ryder, J., Sutton, A., Hing, C., Kwok, C., Pang, C., & Harvey, I. (2010) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta14080 · Cited by 1,039
Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins
Wang, Y., & Xu, D. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5 · Cited by 436

See all 109

Authors: Kelley, G. A., & Kelley, K. S.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Corresponding author: Kelley, George A.
ORCID: Kelley, George A.
Kelley, K.S.
Venue: Atherosclerosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 184
Issue: 1
Pages: 207-215
ISSN: 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.005
PMC: PMC2447856
OpenAlex: W2046249078
Cited by: 109
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL069802)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: aerobic exercise, HDL2, high-density lipoprotein, HDL subfractions, lipid metabolism, body weight, body mass index, fat mass, cardiovascular risk factors
MeSH terms: Adult, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Male, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Lipoproteins, HDL2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Aerobic exercise and HDL2-C: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks