The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Traditional Chinese lipid-lowering agent red yeast rice results in significant LDL reduction but safety is uncertain – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective To verify the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese red yeast rice-extract (RYR) for reduction of LDL cholesterol.Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Medline and EMBASE were searched until November 2014. We selected randomized studies in which RYR with a known content of the active substance monacolin K was tested against placebo or an active control group. Outcome measures were the effect of RYR on LDL cholesterol and incidence of adverse reactions with emphasis on liver and kidney injury and muscle symptoms.Results Twenty studies were analyzed. Quality of safety assessment was low in the majority of studies. RYR lowered LDL cholesterol with 1.02 mmol/L [-1.20; -0.83] compared to placebo. Effect of RYR on LDL was not different from statin therapy (0.03 mmol/L [-0.36; 0.41]). The incidence of liver and kidney injury was 0-5% and the risk was not different between treatment and control groups (risk difference -0.01 [-0.01; 0.0] and 0.0 [-0.01; 0.02]).Conclusions RYR exerts a clinically and statistically significant reduction of 1.02 mmol/L LDL cholesterol. Only when the mild profile of adverse reactions can be affirmed in studies with adequate methodology for safety assessment, RYR might be a safe and effective treatment option for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk reduction in statin intolerant patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs evaluated the efficacy of RYR supplementation after 2–24 months that reduced LDL-C on average of 1.02 mmol/L (− 1.20; − 0.83) (39.4 mg/dL) compared to placebo which was not different from moderate-intensity statins (pravastatin 40 mg, simvastatin 10 mg, lovastatin 20 mg) (0.003 mmol/L; − 0.36; 0.41) (0.12 mg/dL).”
From Nutraceuticals in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Which, When, and for Whom? Could Nutraceuticals Help Low-Risk Individuals with Non-optimal Lipid Levels? (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“For all previously mentioned studies, there were no safety concerns (80,126-130).”
From The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“RYR (1,200 to 4,800 mg/day) with a known content of the active substance monacolin K (4.8 and 24 mg) was tested against placebo or an active control group in 20 selected RCTs (80).”
From The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“After 4 weeks, RYR reduced LDL-C by 1.02 mmol/l (39 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) compared with placebo, and the effect of RYR on LDL was not different from statin therapy (0.03 mmol/l [1.2 mg/dl]; p ¼ 0.89) in statin-”
From The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“The incidence of developing muscular symptoms was lower in RYR groups (0% to 23.8%) compared with control groups (0% to 36%).”
From The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“There were no cases of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy with creatine kinase levels >10 times the upper limit of normal (80).”
From The Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61350-5 · Cited by 6,550
Sever, P., Dahlöf, B., Poulter, N. R., Wedel, H., Beevers, G., Caulfield, M. J., Collins, R., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., McInnes, G. T., et al. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12948-0 · Cited by 3,790
Stroes, E. S., Thompson, P. D., Corsini, A., Vladutiu, G. D., Raal, F. J., Ray, K. K., Roden, M., Stein, E., Tokgözoğlu, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv043 · Cited by 1,443
Bruckert, E., Hayem, G., Dejager, S., Yau, C., & Bégaud, B. (2005) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-005-5686-z · Cited by 1,226
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Becker, 2009, A novel approach to lipid-lowering in patients with statin-associated myalgias: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 53, A209
- Roth, 2013, Red yeast rice extract shows equivalency to statins, Circulation, 128
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Lundberg, I. E., Fujimoto, M., Vencovský, J., Aggarwal, R., Holmqvist, M. E., Christopher‐Stine, L., Mammen, A. L., & Miller, F. W. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00321-x · Cited by 728
Cicero, A. F. G., Colletti, A., Bajraktari, G., Descamps, O. S., Djuric, D. M., Владиславович, Е. М., Fras, Z., Katsiki, N., Langlois, M. R., Latkovskis, G., et al. (2017) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nux047 · Cited by 303
Cicero, A. F. G., Colletti, A., Bajraktari, G., Descamps, O., Djuric, D. M., Ezhov, M., Fras, Z., Katsiki, N., Langlois, M., Latkovskis, G., et al. (2017) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms.2017.69326 · Cited by 281
“There were no cases of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy with CK levels increased more than 10 times the upper limit [89].”
BackgroundThe Role of Nutraceuticals in Statin Intolerant Patients
Banach, M., Patti, A. M., Giglio, R. V., Cicero, A. F. G., Atanasov, A. G., Bajraktari, G., Bruckert, E., Descamps, O., Djuric, D. M., Ezhov, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.040 · Cited by 272
Mancini, G. B. J., Baker, S. K., Bergeron, J., FITCHETT, D. H., Frohlich, J. J., Genest, J. J., Gupta, M., Hegele, R. A., Ng, D. S., Pearson, G. J., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.003 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Gerards, M. C., Terlou, R. J., Yu, H., Koks, C. H. W., & Gerdes, V. E. A.
- Affiliations
- Slotervaartziekenhuis (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gerards, Maaike C.
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 240
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 415-423
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973557710
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Natural Products and Biological Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- red yeast rice, lovastatin, LDL cholesterol lowering, lipid-lowering drugs, drug safety, adverse drug reactions, liver injury, kidney injury, muscle symptoms, statin intolerance, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk reduction
- MeSH terms
- Anticholesteremic Agents, Biological Products, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Cholesterol, LDL, Lovastatin, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Chi-Square Distribution, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Dietary Supplements
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
