The DOI matches its Crossref record; 124 of the 125 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Apolipoprotein C-II: New findings related to genetics, biochemistry, and role in triglyceride metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) is a small exchangeable apolipoprotein found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), such as chylomicrons (CM) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and on high-density lipoproteins (HDL), particularly during fasting. ApoC-II plays a critical role in TRL metabolism by acting as a cofactor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the main enzyme that hydrolyses plasma triglycerides (TG) on TRL. Here, we present an overview of the role of apoC-II in TG metabolism, emphasizing recent novel findings regarding its transcriptional regulation and biochemistry. We also review the 24 genetic mutations in the APOC2 gene reported to date that cause hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Finally, we describe the clinical presentation of apoC-II deficiency and assess the current therapeutic approaches, as well as potential novel emerging therapies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For instance, there was a negative relationship between the relative abundance of two Lachnospiraceae ASVs (ASV0048 & ASV0056) and methylation at a DMR nearby apolipoprotein C2, a gene implicated in metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by acting as a cofactor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the main enzyme that hydrolyses plasma triglycerides on TRL59.”
From Integrated analysis of behavioral, epigenetic, and gut microbiome analyses in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and wild type mice (2021) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Apo C-II is a cofactor for LPL91,92”
From Clinical review on triglycerides (2020) · cites this paper as [92]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
2 retracted
Doolittle, M. H., Neher, S. B., Ben-Zeev, O., Ling-Liao, J., Gallagher, C. M., Hosseini, M., Yin, F., Wong, H., Walter, P., & Péterfy, M. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.049395 · Cited by 28
RetractedLipase maturation factor 1 is required for endothelial lipase activity
Ben-Zeev, O., Hosseini, M., Lai, C.-M., Ehrhardt, N., Wong, H., Cefalu, A. B., Noto, D., Averna, M. R., Doolittle, M. H., & Péterfy, M. (2011) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m011155 · Cited by 25
RetractedTriglycerides and cardiovascular disease
Nordestgaard, B. G., & Varbo, A. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61177-6 · Cited by 1,419
Remnant Cholesterol as a Causal Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease
Varbo, A., Benn, M., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., Jørgensen, A. B., Frikke-Schmidt, R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1026 · Cited by 1,115
Hayhurst, G. P., Lee, Y.-H., Lambert, G., Ward, J. M., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.4.1393-1403.2001 · Cited by 1,107
Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function, regulation, and role in disease
Mead, J. R., Irvine, S. A., & Ramji, D. P. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-002-0384-9 · Cited by 962
Genetic and Pharmacologic Inactivation of ANGPTL3 and Cardiovascular Disease
Dewey, F. E., Gusarova, V., Dunbar, R. L., O’Dushlaine, C., Schurmann, C., Gottesman, O., McCarthy, S., Van Hout, C. V., Bruse, S., Dansky, H. M., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1612790 · Cited by 885
Self-citationSegrest, J., Jones, M., Loof, H. D., Brouillette, C. G., Venkatachalapathi, Y. V., & Anantharamaiah, G. M. (1992) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41536-6 · Cited by 868
CLEARING FACTOR, A HEPARIN-ACTIVATED LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE
Korn, E. D. (1955) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)66011-9 · Cited by 858
Adiels, M., Olofsson, S.-O., Taskinen, M.-R., & Borén, J. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.160192 · Cited by 820
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Herink M, IM, Medication induced changes in lipid and lipoproteins, In: De Groot LJ, C.G, Dungan K, et al (ed), Endotext (Internet), MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth (MA), Updated 2015 Jul 27, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326739/.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–232 of 232
Methylation changes of liver DNA during the formation of gallstones
Peng, J., Li, H., Tong, F., Hu, J., Li, M., Chen, G., Liu, D., Liu, J., Wang, R., Xu, H., et al. (2024) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2023-0391
Huang, Y., Chen, X., Guo, H., Zhang, X., Hu, Y., & Chen, T. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4800290/v1
Bril, F., Berg, G. A., Barchuk, M., & Nogueira, J. P. (2025) · Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis · doi:10.12997/jla.2025.14.1.69
Gong, Z., Xia, Y., Sun, C., Zheng, W., Du, T., Liang, L., Wang, R., Zhang, K., Yang, Y., Sun, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.07.010
Mueller, P. A., Rosário, S., Hay, J., Bergstrom, P., Pacheco-Velázquez, S. C., Hegele, R. A., Pamir, N., & Purnell, J. Q. (2025) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.196
Apolipoproteins in the context of lipoprotein metabolism
Labanczová, M. (2023) · Klinická biochemie a metabolismus · doi:10.61568/kbm.2023.030
Petukhova, O. V., Yanishevskiy, S. N., Shcherbak, S. G., Sarana, А. М., Asinovskaya, A. Y., Макаренко, С. В., Попов, О. С., Николаевна, С. Н., & Апалько, С. В. (2025) · Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) · doi:10.18705/1607-419x-2025-2483
Modeling the postprandial CETP-mediated lipid redistribution between chylomicrons, LDL and HDL
Jansen, M., Contini, C., Hoffmann, M. M., & Pütz, G. (2025) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100847
Angiotensinogen – a marker of non-developing pregnancy
Оразмурадов, А. А., Suleymanova, Z. Z., Kuzmina, E. A., Kostin, I. N., Haddad, K., & Mukovnikova, E. V. (2025) · Medical Herald of the South of Russia · doi:10.21886/2219-8075-2025-16-2-37-42
Pope, L., Roche, D. M., Marshall, Z. A., Alwan, N., & Webb, R. J. (2025) · Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal · doi:10.1123/wspaj.2024-0115
Apolipoproteins and cardiovascular diseases
Kaur, A., Saha, S., Ujjainiya, R., Ray, A., Basak, T., & Sengupta, S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19116-9.00032-4
Signaling pathways regulating gene expression in atherosclerosis
Gafencu, A. V., Fenyo, I. M., Fuior, E. V., Dumitrescu, M., Mirancea, O., Multescu, M. G., Tudorache, I. F., Basílio, J., Schmid, J. A., & Kardassis, D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33064-3.00014-1
Yun, Y., Ji, X., Wu, T., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Zhou, P., Yang, L., & Yu, W. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47110936
Goyal, S., Tanigawa, Y., Zhang, W., Chai, J.-F., Almeida, M., Sim, X., Lerner, M., Chainakul, J., Ramiu, J. G., Seraphin, C., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16655697
Huang, Y., Gan, X., Liang, H., Tang, S., Chen, J., & Shi, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1698418
Shen, Y., Pang, H., Liu, H., Zhang, X., Ma, P., Hu, X., Liu, M., Wang, Q., Xie, X., & Zhao, Y. (2026) · Guidelines and Standards of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1097/gscm.0000000000000088
Liu, Y., Kimita, W., Bharmal, S. H., & Petrov, M. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1726174
Ergun, N. Ü., & Aslantaş, M. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2026-0123
Huang, Y., Chen, X., Guo, H., Hu, Y., & Chen, T. (2026) · Hepatic Medicine Evidence and Research · doi:10.2147/hmer.s580195
辻, 徳., 由利, 龍., 寺田, 智., 森田, 真., Tsuji, T., Yuri, T., Terada, T., & MORITA, S.-Y. (n.d.) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
Apolipoprotein E and infectious diseases: A framework for therapeutic developments
Viswalingam, V., Kumar, D., Tewari, S., & Ganeshpurkar, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40563-1.00018-1
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE): Structural insights, functionality, and genetic variability
Viswalingam, V., Kumar, D., Tewari, S., & Ganeshpurkar, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-40563-1.00001-6
Chao, E. B.-R., Jhan, S.-J., Lin, P., Chou, Y.-T., Chang, W.-C., Luo, A. C., Lin, M.-J., Kuo, C., Chen, Y.-A., Chen, P., et al. (2026) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.005
Zhang, X., Chandwani, R., Pospiech, M., Meng, Y., Dhuri, K., Ali, A., Thakker, B., Kadam, S., Zhu, W., Xiao, Y., et al. (2026) · Lab Animal · doi:10.1038/s41684-026-01748-z
Self-citationAl‐Bustan, S. A., Annice, B. G., & Alhaddad, H. (2026) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-026-01015-9
Untargeted LC-MS/MS profiling identifies ST18 as a novel serum marker for T2DM-associated depression
Singh, J., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sen, A., Kant, R., Das, A., & Saha, S. (2026) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/00045632261475614
Mahjoubin‐Tehran, M., Eid, A. H., Jamialahmadi, T., Sheeha, B. H. B., Althomali, O. W., Ahmad, S., Almahmeed, W. A., & Sahebkar, A. (2026) · Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care · doi:10.1177/2168023x261479394
A rare case of familial chylomicronemia in infancy due to homozygous LMF1 variant
Kumar, P. R., Dash, B., Dash, D. K., Patro, D., Sahu, P. K., & Biswas, A. (2026) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag164
Biphasic hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy with apolipoprotein C-II deficiency
Murai, Y., Doi, K., Tose, C., Nakayama, T., Tomimori, K., Yoshimoto, N., Matsuzawa, S., Kodama, Y., & Katsuragi, S. (2026) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x261492750
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolska, A., Dunbar, R. L., Freeman, L. A., Ueda, M., Amar, M. J., Sviridov, D. O., & Remaley, A. T.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wolska, Anna
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 267
- Pages
- 49-60
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5705268
- OpenAlex
- W2767128978
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (ZIAHL006095)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein C-II, triglyceride metabolism, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, VLDL, high-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia, transcriptional regulation, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chylomicrons, Gene Expression Regulation, Multigene Family, Humans, Hydrolysis, Intestinal Mucosa, Lipolysis, Lipoprotein Lipase, Lipoproteins, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Liver, Macrophages, Mutation, Transcription, Genetic, Triglycerides, Mice, Rats, Apolipoprotein C-II
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
