The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The critical role of toll-like receptors — From microbial recognition to autoimmunity: A comprehensive review
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute an important mechanism in the activation of innate immune cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophage activation by TLRs is pivotal in the initiation of the rapid expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 whilst promoting Th17 responses, all of which play critical roles in autoimmunity. Surprisingly, in inflammatory arthritis, activation of specific TLRs can not only induce but also inhibit cellular processes associated with bone destruction. The intercellular and intracellular orchestration of signals from different TLRs, their endogenous or microbial ligands and accessory molecules determines the activating or inhibitory responses. Herein, we review the TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells in their activation and differentiation to osteoclasts and the capacity of these signals to contribute to bone destruction in arthritis. Detailed understanding of the opposing mechanisms of TLRs in the induction and suppression of cellular processes in arthritis may pave the way to develop novel therapies to treat autoimmunity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The protein data bank: A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures
Bernstein, F. C., Koetzle, T. F., Williams, G. J. B., Meyer, E. F., Brice, M. D., Rodgers, J. R., Kennard, O., Shimanouchi, T., & Tasumi, M. (1977) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80200-3 · Cited by 8,578
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · cited 1×
“TLR9 recognize bacterial DNA, which is rich in unmethylated CpG motifs [33] while TLR7 and TLR8 recognize viral single stranded RNA (ssRNA) [34].”
The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment
Martinez, F. O., & Gordon, S. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-13 · Cited by 4,689
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947
The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5
Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,601
The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling
O'Neill, L. A. J., & Bowie, A. G. (2007) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2079 · Cited by 2,667
The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4–MD-2 complex
Park, B. S., Song, D. H., Kim, H. M., Choi, B.-S., Lee, H., & Lee, J.-O. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07830 · Cited by 2,428
IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses
Honda, K., Yanai, H., Negishi, H., Asagiri, M., Sato, M., Mizutani, T., Shimada, N., Ohba, Y., Takaoka, A., Yoshida, N., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03464 · Cited by 2,245
Decoding the Patterns of Self and Nonself by the Innate Immune System
Medzhitov, R., & Janeway, C. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1068883 · Cited by 2,154
Ozinsky, A., Underhill, D. M., Fontenot, J. D., Hajjar, A. M., Smith, K. D., Wilson, C. B., Schroeder, L., & Aderem, A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.250476497 · Cited by 2,085
Cited by
Damage-associated molecular patterns in inflammatory diseases
Roh, J. S., & Sohn, D. H. (2018) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2018.18.e27 · Cited by 1,261
Luo, L., Liu, M., Fan, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, L., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Xie, H., Jiang, C., Wu, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02501-2 · Cited by 336
The Two NF-κB Pathways Regulating Bacterial and WSSV Infection of Shrimp
Li, C., Wang, S., & He, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01785 · Cited by 230
Zhang, Q.-S., Heng, Y., Yuan, Y.-H., & Chen, N.-H. (2017) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.002 · Cited by 156
TBK1, a central kinase in innate immune sensing of nucleic acids and beyond
Zhou, R., Zhang, Q., & Xu, P. (2020) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmaa051 · Cited by 104
Metadata
- Authors
- Jiménez-Dalmaroni, M. J., Gerswhin, M. E., & Adamopoulos, I. E.
- Venue
- Autoimmunity Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1568-9972 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1586581625
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 107
- FWCI
- 13.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The critical role of toll-like receptors — From microbial recognition to autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.009
- The paper
- Jiménez-Dalmaroni, M. J., Gerswhin, M. E., & Adamopoulos, I. E. (2016). The critical role of toll-like receptors — From microbial recognition to autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. Autoimmunity Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.08.009
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
