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Anti-alpha enolase multi-antibody specificity in human diseases. Clinical significance and molecular mechanisms

Angeletti, Andrea, Migliorini, Paola, Bruschi, Maurizio, Pratesi, Federico, Candiano, Giovanni, Prunotto, Marco, Verrina, Enrico, Ghiggeri, Gian Marco·2021·Autoimmunity Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102977
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Abstract

Alpha-enolase (Eno) is an ubiquitary glycolytic enzyme playing multiple functions that go well beyond its principal metabolic role of energy supplier during glycolysis. Eno is localized in the cytoplasm, but also expressed on the cell membrane, where it binds plasminogen allowing its activation. Its shorter form, in the nucleus, acts as transcription factor. In inflammatory conditions, Eno undergoes post-translational modifications, such as citrullination, oxidation and phosphorylation. Eno is also an autoantigen in different disorders. In fact, autoantibodies to Eno have been detected in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, primary glomerulonephritis, cancer, infections and other disorders, and in many cases they represent specific markers to be utilized in clinical practice. Anti-Eno antibodies in the different clinical conditions are not equal: they differ in isotype and often recognize different epitopes on the enzyme. IgG1 and IgG3 are prevalent in Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgG2 in Lupus nephritis and IgG4 in primary autoimmune glomerulopathy. This review analyzes the characteristics of anti-Eno autoantibodies in autoimmune disorders and cancer, describing their fine specificity and isotype restriction. The post-translational modifications that are target of autoantibodies are also discussed, as they represent the basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for epitope generation. Despite an impressive amount of experimental work on anti-Eno antibodies, it i…

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Metadata

Authors
Angeletti, A., Migliorini, P., Bruschi, M., Pratesi, F., Candiano, G., Prunotto, M., Verrina, E., & Ghiggeri, G. M.
Venue
Autoimmunity Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-12
Volume
20
Issue
12
Pages
102977
ISSN
1568-9972
DOI
10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102977
Cited by
18
References
2
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Compagnia di San Paolo

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