Tumor necrosis factor-α-activated mesenchymal stem cells promote endothelial progenitor cell homing and angiogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate regeneration of ischemic or injured tissues by stimulation of angiogenesis through a paracrine mechanism. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated MSCs secrete pro-angiogenic cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8. In the present study, using an ischemic hindlimb animal model, we explored the role of IL-6 and IL-8 in the paracrine stimulation of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration by TNF-α-activated MSCs. Intramuscular injection of conditioned medium derived from TNF-α-treated MSCs (TNF-α CM) into the ischemic hindlimb resulted in attenuated severe limb loss and stimulated blood perfusion and angiogenesis in the ischemic limb. Immunodepletion of IL-6 and IL-8 resulted in attenuated TNF-α CM-stimulated tissue repair, blood perfusion, and angiogenesis. In addition, TNF-α CM induced migration of human cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) through IL-6- and IL-8-dependent mechanisms in vitro. Intramuscular injection of TNF-α CM into the ischemic limb led to augmented homing of tail vein-injected EPCs into the ischemic limb in vivo and immunodepletion of IL-6 or IL-8 from TNF-α CM attenuated TNF-α CM-stimulated homing of EPCs. In addition, intramuscular injection of recombinant IL-6 and IL-8 proteins resulted in increased homing of intravenously transplanted EPCs into the ischemic limb and improved blood perfusion in vivo. These results suggest that TNF-α CM stimulates angiogenesis and tissue repair through an increase in homing of EPCs through paracrine mechanisms involving IL-6 and IL-8.
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Several cytokines produced by inflammatory cells, including TNF, IL-6, and IL-8, have angiogenic effects.
“Additionally, several cytokines produced by inflammatory cells have angiogenic effects, including TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 (57, 58).”
From The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
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“in inducing angiogenesis and improving oxygen supply to ischemic tissues.(58,59) In addition, it has been shown that MSCs, when cultured on”
BackgroundEnhancement of the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic diseases
Luo, R., Lu, Y., Liu, J., Cheng, J., & Chen, Y. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.068 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Biomaterials-Based Strategies to Enhance Angiogenesis in Diabetic Wound Healing
Pal, D., Das, P., Mukherjee, P., Roy, S., Chaudhuri, S., Kesh, S. S., Ghosh, D., & Nandi, S. K. (2024) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00216 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Can Mesenchymal Stem Cells Act Multipotential in Traumatic Brain Injury?
Dehghanian, F., Soltani, Z., & Khaksari, M. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-019-01475-w · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“2013) are main reasons for using SCs in TBI treatment trials (Kwon et al. 2013).”
BackgroundAbdelgawad, M. E., Desterke, C., Uzan, G., & Naserian, S. (2021) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02185-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Equilibrium among Inflammatory Factors Determines Human MSC-Mediated Immunosuppressive Effect
Suzdaltseva, Y. G., Goryunov, K. V., Silina, E. V., Manturova, N., Stupin, V. A., & Киселев, С. Л. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11071210 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kim, D. W., Choi, C., Park, J. P., & Lee, S. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9061467 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“These results are consistent with the notion that MSCs treated with TNF-α stimulate the tissue regeneration process through paracrine mechanisms [66].”
Popielarczyk, T. L., Huckle, W. R., & Barrett, J. G. (2019) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2019.0003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mapping the Secretome of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Under Variable Microenvironmental Conditions
Bousnaki, M., Bakopoulou, A., Pich, A., Papachristou, E., Κritis, A., & Koidis, P. T. (2021) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-021-10255-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“DPSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry for mesenchymal (CD90/Thy-1, CD146, STRO-1, CD73), endothelial (CD105/endoglin), embryonic (SSEA-4) and hematopoietic (CD34, CD45) stem cell (SC) markers, as previously described [27].”
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Park, J. J., Kwon, Y. W., Kim, J. W., Park, G. T., Yoon, J. W., Kim, Y. S., Kim, D. S., Kwon, S., Bae, S. S., Ko, K., et al. (2020) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/sctm.20-0132 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“function through angiogenesis, neovascularization, and vascular repair, leading to the formation of new blood vessels and increased branching of existing blood vessels after vascular disease.(5,6) In addi-”
BackgroundJung, E., Ou, S., Ahn, S. S., Yeo, H., Lee, Y. H., & Shin, S. Y. (2022) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-022-01088-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the TME, stimulates MSCs to aid tumor angiogenesis [20].”
BackgroundAdipose Tissue Plasticity: A Comprehensive Definition and Multidimensional Insight
Mo, Y.-Y., Han, Y., Xu, S., Jiang, H., Wu, H., Cai, J., Li, L., Bu, Y., Xiao, F., Liang, H., et al. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14101223 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Donor variability among anti-inflammatory pre-activated mesenchymal stromal cells
Gray, A., Schloss, R. S., & Yarmush, M. L. (2016) · TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.1142/s2339547816500084 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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“Incubation of MSCs with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) would promote the secretion of proangiogenic cytokines, which induce angiogenesis and tissue repair [24].”
BackgroundShen, Z., Wang, W., Chen, J., Chen, B., Tang, Y., Hou, J., Li, J., Liu, S., Mei, Y., Zhang, L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01632-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) [17, 18] and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [19, 20], have been considered able to mimic the inflammatory environment after transplantation and to boost the immunomodulatory effects of ADSCs.”
BackgroundVariability in Endogenous Perfusion Recovery of Immunocompromised Mouse Models of Limb Ischemia
Thomas, D., Thirumaran, A., Mallard, B. L., Chen, X., Browne, S., Wheatley, A. M., O’Brien, T., & Pandit, A. S. (2016) · Tissue Engineering Part C Methods · doi:10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0441 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lee, S. S., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Ryu, J. M., Lim, H. S., Kim, J. S., Song, E. J., Jung, Y. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, C. H., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep37526 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Our results are consistent with the notion that MSCs treated with TNF-α stimulate the tissue regeneration process through paracrine mechanisms 53 .”
Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Transplantation in Rats With Sepsis
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“D culture system [119–122].”
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Role of secretomes in cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine
Karimian, A., Khoshnazar, S. M., Kazemi, T., Asadi, A., & Abdolmaleki, A. (2023) · Cell and Tissue Banking · doi:10.1007/s10561-023-10073-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“TNF-α has also been proven in the lab and in animals with limb ischemia to make MSCs more angiogenic (Kwon et al. 2013).”
Towards standardization of human adipose-derived stromal cells secretomes
Pinheiro-Machado, E., Getova, V. E., Harmsen, M. C., Burgess, J. K., & Smink, A. M. (2023) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-023-10567-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“They do this by stimulating processes of angiogenesis [3], mitogenesis [4], cellular migration [5], and suppressing apoptosis [6].”
BackgroundLam, A. T., Lee, A., Jayaraman, P., Tan, K. Y., Raghothaman, D., Lim, H. L., He, C., Zhou, L., Tan, A. H., Reuveny, S., et al. (2021) · Stem Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.scr.2021.102272 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Han, T. T. Y., Walker, J. T., Grant, A. L., Dekaban, G. A., & Flynn, L. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.642465 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“, 2004), it is becoming increasingly recognized that inflammation plays an important role in stimulating angiogenesis and tissue regeneration (Sainson et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2013).”
Gad, A. M., Hassan, W. A., & Fikry, E. M. (2017) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.21919 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
New Perspectives to Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Ezquer, F. E., Huang, Y.-L., & Ezquer, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23052669 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The exposure of MSCs to INFγ stimulates IDO [70]; the pretreatment of MSCs with TNF-α increases migration, proliferation and angiogenic activity [71], whereas cytokine priming of MSCs with the combination of both TNF-α and INFγ can induce the secretion of cytokines such as IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, and increase the expressio…”
BackgroundInflammatory response associated with choke vessel remodeling in the extended perforator flap model
Qing, L., Lei, P., Tang, J., Wu, P., Wang, L., Xie, J., & Hu, Y. (2017) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4205 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Relevance of angiogenesis in autoimmune testis inflammation
Gualdoni, G. S., Jacobo, P. V., Sobarzo, C., Pérez, C. V., Durand, L. A. H., Theas, M. S., Lustig, L., & Guazzone, V. A. (2020) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gaaa073 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bogers, S. H., & Barrett, J. G. (2022) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2022.0074 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Pretreatment conditioning by exposure to exogenous cytokines [4–10], hypoxia [11–13], or through three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture [14–16] enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype of MSCs. Three-dimensional culture of human MSCs upregulates caspase-dependent IL-1 signaling during…”
Zomer, H. D., Lima, V. J. D. S., Bion, M. C., Brito, K. N. L., Rode, M. P., Stimamiglio, M. A., Jeremias, T. D. S., & Trentin, A. G. (2024) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03630-y · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cheng, H. S., Pérez‐Cremades, D., Zhuang, R., Jamaiyar, A., Wu, W. W., Chen, J., Tzani, A. I., Stone, L., Plutzky, J., RYAN, T. E., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.163041 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Intramuscular injection of IL-8 increased neovascularization after hindlimb ischemia in mice by improving homing of tail vein-injected endothelial progenitor cells (46).”
BackgroundNogueira, B. C. F., Campos, A. K., Alves, R. S., Sarandy, M. M., Novaes, R. D., Esposito, D., & Gonçalves, R. V. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/8862953 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In the proliferative phase, TNF-α controls the angiogenesis and formation of the tissue granulation; this is composed of cells and a network of blood vessels responsible for reestablishing regional circulation [17, 18].”
BackgroundAn Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy
Prišlin, M., Vlahović, D., Kostešić, P., Ljolje, I., Brnić, D., Turk, N., Lojkić, I., Kunić, V., Karadjole, T., & Krešić, N. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12091088 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In the liver, the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFNγ decreased significantly, but anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10, HGF and VEGFA, were significantly increased after the first ASCs injection.”
BackgroundBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell: what next?
Borges, F. T., Convento, M. B., & Schor, N. (2018) · Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications · doi:10.2147/sccaa.s147804 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Conditioning of MSC with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages, stimulated an MSC angiogenic effect through VEGF production, proliferation, and differentiation into osteocytes.(58,59) Proteins can also be carried by EVs released by MSC, which keep them protected from microen…”
BackgroundLedford, K. J., Murphy, N., Zeigler, F., Bartel, R. L., & Tubo, R. A. (2015) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0007-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Additionally, IL-6 and IL-8 are reported to increase endothelial progenitor cell homing to areas of ischemia [21].”
BackgroundGervois, P., Ratajczak, J., Wolfs, E., Vangansewinkel, T., Dillen, Y., Merckx, G., Bronckaers, A., & Lambrichts, I. (2019) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2019/8589149 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“enhance MSC-mediated angiogenesis [27, 41, 50] whereas IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-α, and IL-1β were shown to stimulate the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs [28, 30, 31].”
BackgroundYue, D., Du, L., Zhang, B., Wu, H. C., Yang, Q., Wang, M., & Pan, J. P. (2021) · Organogenesis · doi:10.1080/15476278.2021.1991199 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“TNF-α activated MSCs promote endothelial progenitor cell homing and angiogenesis.(78) Inflammation affects immunomodulation and inflammation modulation of MSCs.”
BackgroundRevolutionizing orofacial pain management: the promising potential of stem cell therapy
Ren, K., Vickers, R., Murillo, J., & Ruparel, N. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1239633 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hypoxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cell
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“Pretreatment of TNF-α in MSCs provided superior angiogenic activity in vitro, as indicated by expression of VEGF, as well as in vivo in an animal model of critical limb ischemia, as compared to untreated MSCs [89].”
Current status of myocardial restoration via the paracrine function of mesenchymal stromal cells
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Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke
Salaudeen, M. A., Allan, S. M., & Pinteaux, E. (2023) · Human Cell · doi:10.1007/s13577-023-00997-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“This cytokine also enhanced homing following intramuscular administration of the activated MSC and promoted tissue repair through the release of pro-angiogenic cytokines [113].”
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Therapeutic angiogenesis using tumor cell‐conditioned medium
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Effects of Copper Reduction on Angiogenesis-Related Factors in Recurrent Glioblastoma Cases
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“Effects of TNF-α on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis already have shown in experimental models (Kwon et al., 2013).”
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“For example, in studies on ischemia models [82] and on skin wound healing [83] by depleting IL-6 and IL-8 from the ASC’s secretome, a significant decrease in regenerative activity was demonstrated.”
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Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in intestinal diseases
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Mesodermal Derivatives of Pluripotent Stem Cells Route to Scarless Healing
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- Authors
- Kwon, Y. W., Heo, S. C., Jeong, G. O., Yoon, J. W., Mo, W. M., Lee, M. J., Jang, I.-H., Kwon, S. M., Lee, J. S., & Kim, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Pusan National University (KR)
- Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Jae Ho
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 1832
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2136-2144
- ISSN
- 0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968254493
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0020274, 2012M3A9C7050093, 2012M3A9C7050184)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, TNF-α, endothelial progenitor cells, angiogenesis, EPC homing, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, paracrine signaling, hindlimb ischemia, tissue regeneration, blood perfusion, conditioned medium, immunodepletion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Hindlimb, Humans, Ischemia, Mice, Nude, Necrosis, Stem Cells, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Wound Healing, Blotting, Western, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Culture Media, Conditioned, Adipocytes, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
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