Cited by 169Redox biology and oxidative stressSulfur Compounds in BiologyGlutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms

Protein glutathionylation in health and disease

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Ghezzi, Pietro·2013·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

Abstract

Background It is now recognized that protein cysteines exist not only as free thiols or intramolecular disulfides, that help maintain the 3D structure of proteins, but can also undergo different types of oxidation, one of which is glutathionylation, or the formation of mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH).Scope of the review We will discuss how proteins can undergo glutathionylation and how this can affect the protein characteristics/function. Glutathionylation is reversible and de-glutathionylation can be catalysed by protein thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. Genetic modification of the expression of these enzymes, particularly glutaredoxin, using overexpression, knockout mice or siRNA, is becoming an important tool to study the role of protein glutathionylation. While in the past this post-translational modification was mainly known in the context of oxidative stress, measurement of glutathionylated proteins in patients is pointing out a potential importance if this modification in pathogenesis and could identify new biomarkers. We also wanted to point out the main findings in the role of glutathionylation in diseases and drug action.Major conclusions We identify two major open problems in the field, namely the complexity of the mechanisms responsible for glutathionylation and de-glutathionylation, as well as what makes a protein susceptible to glutathionylation.General significance This review underlines the peculiarities of this post-translational modification and their biological role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Cellular functions of glutathione.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.009

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  • Glutathionylated hemoglobin detected in erythrocytes by mass spectrometry is a good marker of oxidative stress under various conditions, such as renal diseases, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia.

    “It has been proposed that glutathionylated hemoglobin detected in erythrocytes by Mass spectrometry (MS) is a good marker of oxidative stress under various conditions, such as renal diseases, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia (Ghezzi 2013).”

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Authors
Ghezzi, P.
Affiliations
Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
Corresponding author
Ghezzi, Pietro
Venue
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-05
Volume
1830
Issue
5
Pages
3165-3172
ISSN
0304-4165 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2091857499
Cited by
169
References
119
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 4
FWCI
1.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutional Research information system (University of Urbino) (submittedVersion)
  • Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
Funders
European Regional Development Fund — project PERENE
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
Keywords
protein glutathionylation, glutaredoxin, post-translational modification, protein oxidation, mixed disulfides, glutathione, oxidative stress, biomarkers, drug action
MeSH terms
Animals, Disulfides, Glutathione, Humans, Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione), Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Proteins, Oxidative Stress, Glutaredoxins

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