The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes driven by a transmembrane phosphate gradient
Open accessAbstract
This study examines a new method for the remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes. It was shown that doxorubicin can be loaded to a level of up to 98% into large unilamellar vesicles composed of egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (7/3 mol/mol) with a transmembrane phosphate gradient. The different encapsulation efficiencies which were achieved with ammonium salts (citrate 100%, phosphate 98%, sulfate 95%, acetate 77%) were significantly higher as compared to the loading via sodium salts (citrate 54%, phosphate 52%, sulfate 44%, acetate 16%). Various factors, including pH-value, buffer capacity, solubility of doxorubicin in different salt solutions and base counter-flow, which likely has an influence on drug accumulation in the intraliposomal interior are taken into account. In contrast to other methods, the newly developed remote loading method exhibits a pH-dependent drug release property which may be effective in tumor tissues. At physiological pH-value doxorubicin is retained in the liposomes, whereas drug release is achieved by lowering the pH to 5.5 (approximately 25% release at 25 degrees C or 30% at 37 degrees C within two h). The DXR release of liposomes which were loaded via a sulfate gradient showed a maximum of 3% at pH 5.5.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Zur Lehre von der Wirkung der Salze: Zweite Mittheilung
Hofmeister, F. (1888) · Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie · doi:10.1007/bf01918191 · Cited by 2,956
Haran, G., Cohen, R., Bar, L. K., & Barenholz, Y. (1993) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(93)90105-9 · Cited by 934
The Anthracycline Antineoplastic Drugs
Young, R. C., Ozols, R. F., & Myers, C. E. (1981) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198107163050305 · Cited by 793
Causes and consequences of tumour acidity and implications for treatment
Stubbs, M., McSheehy, P. M. J., Griffiths, J. R., & Bashford, C. L. (2000) · Molecular Medicine Today · doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(99)01615-9 · Cited by 778
Doxorubicin Induces Apoptosis in Normal and Tumor Cells via Distinctly Different Mechanisms
Wang, S., Konorev, E. A., Kotamraju, S., Joseph, J., Kalivendi, S., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m400944200 · Cited by 611
Doxorubicin (adriamycin): A critical review of free radical-dependent mechanisms of cytotoxicity
Keizer, H. G., Pinedo, H. M., Schuurhuis, G. J., & Joenje, H. (1990) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90088-j · Cited by 517
Uptake of adriamycin into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a pH gradient
Mayer, L. D., Bally, M. B., & Cullis, P. R. (1986) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(86)90105-7 · Cited by 379
Mayer, L. D., Tai, L. C. L., Ko, D. S. C., Masin, D., Ginsberg, R. S., Cullis, P. R., & Bally, M. B. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 353
Developments in liposomal drug delivery systems
Maurer, N., Fenske, D. B., & Cullis, P. R. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.1.6.923 · Cited by 344
Permeability of lipid bilayers to water and ionic solutes
Deamer, D. W., & Bramhall, J. (1986) · Chemistry and Physics of Lipids · doi:10.1016/0009-3084(86)90069-1 · Cited by 328
Cited by
Engineered Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Sun, T., Zhang, Y. S., Pang, B., Hyun, D. C., Yang, M., & Xia, Y. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201403036 · Cited by 2,164
Biodistribution and delivery efficiency of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes
Smyth, T., Kullberg, M., Malik, N., Smith-Jones, P., Graner, M. W., & Anchordoquy, T. J. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.013 · Cited by 722
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to tumor vasculature suppresses metastasis
Murphy, E. A., Majeti, B. K., Barnes, L. A., Makale, M., Weis, S. M., Lutu-Fuga, K., Wrasidlo, W., & Cheresh, D. A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0803728105 · Cited by 455
Kuntsche, J., Horst, J. C., & Bunjes, H. (2011) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.001 · Cited by 363
A comprehensive review on recent preparation techniques of liposomes
Has, C., & Sunthar, P. (2020) · Journal of Liposome Research · doi:10.1080/08982104.2019.1668010 · Cited by 357
Metadata
- Authors
- Fritze, A., Hens, F., Kimpfler, A., Schubert, R., & Peschka-Süss, R.
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 1758
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1633-1640
- ISSN
- 0005-2736 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078694420
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes driven by a transmembrane phosphate gradient. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.05.028
- The paper
- Fritze, A., Hens, F., Kimpfler, A., Schubert, R., & Peschka-Süss, R. (2006). Remote loading of doxorubicin into liposomes driven by a transmembrane phosphate gradient. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.05.028
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
