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The association between interleukin-6, sleep, and demographic characteristics

Hong, Suzi, Mills, Paul J., Loredo, Jose S., Adler, Karen A., Dimsdale, Joel E.·2005·Brain Behavior and Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.07.008

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Abstract

We examined the relationship between the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and sleep architecture in 70 healthy men and women. Blood was drawn in the early morning for assessment of IL-6 followed by nocturnal sleep monitoring with polysomnography. Sleep records were scored for sleep stages using standard criteria. Morning IL-6 levels were positively correlated with REM latency after sleep onset [rho = .31, p = .01], percent (%) stage 1 sleep [rho = .23, p = .053], % wake after sleep onset (WASO) [rho = .29, p<.05]. IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with sleep efficiency [rho = -.36, p<.01] and slow wave sleep (SWS) [rho = -.26, p<.05]. After controlling for demographic variables including race, gender, age, and BMI, multiple hierarchical regression analyses revealed that morning IL-6 levels accounted for a significant portion of the variance of REM latency (p<.01), sleep efficiency (p<.01), and % WASO (p = .01). IL-6 was no longer associated with % stage 1 sleep, SWS, and total sleep time after controlling for the demographic characteristics. These findings suggest that the inflammatory marker IL-6 is associated with sleep quality and that certain individual characteristics such as race, gender, and age modify that relationship. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with lower quality of sleep among healthy asymptomatic men and women.

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Authors: Hong, S., Mills, P. J., Loredo, J. S., Adler, K. A., & Dimsdale, J. E.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Hong, Suzi
ORCID: Hong, Suzi
Mills, Paul J.
Venue: Brain Behavior and Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-03
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Pages: 165-172
ISSN: 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2004.07.008
OpenAlex: W2022395336
Cited by: 110
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036005, R01 HL57265-05, R01 HL36005, R01HL057265)
National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR-00827-25, M01RR000827)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: interleukin-6, sleep architecture, sleep quality, REM latency, wake after sleep onset, slow-wave sleep, stage 1 sleep, sleep efficiency, inflammatory cytokines, demographic moderators, race, gender, age, healthy adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Black or African American, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Sleep Stages, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Polysomnography, White People

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The association between interleukin-6, sleep, and demographic characteristics

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