Increased nocturnal interleukin-6 excretion in patients with primary insomnia: A pilot study
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a difference in evening/nocturnal interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum excretion in patients with primary insomnia compared to controls. We hypothesized that in insomniac patients, the excretion of evening/nocturnal IL-6 is enhanced, like observed in aged adults and after sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. We studied IL-6 serum concentrations in 11 patients (two males and nine females) with primary insomnia and 11 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Sleep was monitored polysomnographically for three consecutive nights. The measurement of IL-6 (from 19:00 h to 09:00 h) in 2-h intervals were performed prior to and during the last laboratory night. Polysomnographically determined sleep parameters and subjective ratings of sleep demonstrated clear-cut impairments of sleep in the insomniac group. Nocturnal IL-6 secretion was significantly increased (p<.05) in insomniac patients for the whole measurement period (mean area under the curve+/-SD: 27.94+/-14.15 pg/ml x 2h) compared to controls (16.70+/-7.64 pg/ml x 2h). Total IL-6 secretion correlated inversely with subjectively perceived sleep quality and amount of slow wave sleep in the insomniac patients. Amount of Wake Time correlated positively with IL-6 excretion in insomniacs. The results of the present study demonstrate significantly increased nocturnal IL-6 secretion in insomniacs. It might be speculated that chronic primary insomnia with polysomnographically documented sleep impairments activates the production of IL-6 analogous to sleep deprivation studies in healthy subjects. This might also implicate a higher risk for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic insomnia.
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Recent data support a key role of gut microbiota and corresponding microbiota-derived PAMPs in central nervous processes like mood, cognition, pain, and eating behavior in animals, with first evidence for such a relationship in humans.
“recent data support a key role of gut microbiota and corresponding microbiota-derived PAMPs in central nervous processes like mood, cognition, pain, and eating behavior in animals, and there is also first evidence for such a relationship in humans (85, 150, 151, 394).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Burgos, I., Richter, L., Klein, T., Fiebich, B., Feige, B., Lieb, K., Voderholzer, U., & Riemann, D.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Leipzig (DE)
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Riemann, Dieter
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 246-253
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088566922
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- primary insomnia, interleukin-6, sleep quality, slow-wave sleep, wake time, sleep deprivation, inflammation, cardiovascular risk, chronic insomnia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Reference Values, Sleep Stages, Interleukin-6, Matched-Pair Analysis
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