Suppressed monocyte gene expression profile in men versus women with PTSD
Open accessAbstract
There have been several attempts to use gene microarrays from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify new biological pathways or targets for therapy in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The few studies conducted to date have yielded an unclear pattern of findings, perhaps reflecting the use of heterogeneous samples of circulating immune cells for analysis. We used gene microarrays on a homogeneous sample of circulating monocytes to test the hypothesis that chronic PTSD would be associated with elevated inflammatory activity and to identify new pathways dysregulated in the disorder. Forty-nine men (24 PTSD+ and 25 age-matched trauma-exposed PTSD- controls) and 18 women (10 PTSD+ and 8 age-matched PTSD- controls) were recruited. Gene expression microarray analysis was performed on CD14+ monocytes, immune cells that initiate and respond to inflammatory signaling. Male subjects with PTSD had an overall pattern of under-expression of genes on monocytes (47 under-expressed versus 4 over-expressed genes). A rigorous correction for multiple comparisons and verification with qPCR showed that of only 3 genes that were differentially expressed, all were under-expressed. There was no transcriptional evidence of chronic inflammation in male PTSD+ subjects. In contrast, preliminary data from our pilot female PTSD+ subjects showed a relatively balanced pattern of increased and decreased expression of genes and an increase in activity of pathways related to immune activation. The results indicate differential patterns of monocyte gene expression in PTSD, and the preliminary data from our female pilot subjects are suggestive of gender dimorphism in biologic pathways activated in PTSD. Changes in immune cell gene expression may contribute to medical morbidity in PTSD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Transcripts of genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism of reactive oxygen species such as GSTM1 and GSTM2 are altered in chronic PTSD and have been associated with risk for PTSD development in a prospective manner.
“In addition, transcripts of genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as GSTM1 and GSTM2 (glutathione S-transferase mu 1 and 2) are altered in chronic PTSD (Neylan et al, 2011) and have been associated with risk for PTSD development in a prospective manner (Glatt et al, 2013;Tylee et al, 2015).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Neylan et al, 2011
The Results (Male Sample; no page listed) report altered monocyte gene expression in chronic PTSD, supporting the general finding. They identify SDPR, PF4 and HIST1H2AC as the three validated genes; searches for GSTM1, GSTM2 and glutathione found no passage supporting the specific examples. The prospective-risk claim is attributed to different citations, not Neylan et al. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482 · see citing works
Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics
Gentleman, R., Carey, V., Bates, D., Bolstad, B., Dettling, M., Dudoit, S., Ellis, B., Gautier, L., Ge, Y., Gentry, J., et al. (2004) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r80 · Cited by 13,133 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379 · see citing works
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395 · see citing works
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024 · see citing works
Psychological Stress and Disease
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.14.1685 · Cited by 3,168 · see citing works
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6366 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
Binder, E. B. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1291 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Mood disorders in the medically ill: scientific review and recommendations
Evans, D. L., Charney, D. S., Lewis, L., Golden, R. N., Gorman, J. M., Krishnan, K. R. R., Nemeroff, C. B., Bremner, J. D., Carney, R. M., Coyne, J. C., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.001 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Individuality and variation in gene expression patterns in human blood
Whitney, A. R., Diehn, M., Popper, S. J., Alizadeh, A. A., Boldrick, J. C., Relman, D. A., & Brown, P. O. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.252784499 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Maes, M., Song, C., Lin, A., De Jongh, R., Van Gastel, A., Kenis, G., Bosmans, E., De Meester, I., Benoy, I., Neels, H., et al. (1998) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1997.0290 · Cited by 772 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…shown that major psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease as well as chronic stress perturb multiple biological pathways measurable in peripheral immune cells (Irwin, 1999; Maes et al., 1998, 1999b; Ohmori et al., 2005; Schwarz et al., 2001a,b).”
BackgroundYehuda, R., & McFARLANE, A. C. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.12.1705 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Autoimmune Disease from a Pathological Perspective
Fairweather, D., Frisancho-Kiss, S., & Rose, N. R. (2008) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.071008 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Sze, J., Marin, T., Arevalo, J. M. G., Doll, R., Ma, R., & Cole, S. W. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.017 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Epigenetic and immune function profiles associated with posttraumatic stress disorder
Uddin, M., Aiello, A. E., Wildman, D. E., Koenen, K. C., Pawelec, G., de los Santos, R., Goldmann, E., & Galea, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0910794107 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Kubzansky, L. D., Koenen, K. C., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P., & Sparrow, D. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.1.109 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Maes, M., Lin, A.-H., Delmeire, L., Van Gastel, A., Kenis, G., De Jongh, R., & Bosmans, E. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00131-0 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to pathological pain
Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2005) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01443.x · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Broad spectrum of cytokine abnormalities in panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder
Hoge, E. A., Brandstetter, K., Moshier, S., Pollack, M. H., Wong, K. K., & Simon, N. M. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20564 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Physician-diagnosed medical disorders in relation to PTSD symptoms in older male military veterans.
Schnurr, P. P., Spiro, A., & Paris, A. H. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.19.1.91 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Kuwana, M., Okazaki, Y., Kodama, H., Izumi, K., Yasuoka, H., Ogawa, Y., Kawakami, Y., & Ikeda, Y. (2003) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0403170 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Yehuda, R., Cai, G., Golier, J. A., Sarapas, C., Galea, S., Ising, M., Rein, T., Schmeidler, J., Müller-Myhsok, B., Holsboer, F., et al. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.034 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Segman, R. H., Shefi, N., Goltser-Dubner, T., Friedman, N., Kaminski, N., & Shalev, A. Y. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001636 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Rohleder, N., Schommer, N. C., Hellhammer, D. H., Engel, R., & Kirschbaum, C. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200111000-00016 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Physician-diagnosed medical disorders in relation to PTSD symptoms in older male military veterans.
Schnurr, P. P., Spiro, A., & Paris, A. H. (2000) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.19.1.91 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 Responses in Psychiatric Disorders
Schwarz, M., Chiang, S. S. W., Müller, N., & Ackenheil, M. (2001) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.2001.0647 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Elevated levels of serum interleukin-1β in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Spivak, B., Shohat, B., Mester, R., Avraham, S., Gil‐Ad, I., Bleich, A., Valevski, A., & Weizman, A. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00375-7 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
VisANT 3.5: multi-scale network visualization, analysis and inference based on the gene ontology
Hu, Z., Hung, J., Wang, Y., Chang, Y.-C., Huang, C. L., Huyck, M., & DeLisi, C. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp406 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
van Eijk, L. T., Dorresteijn, M. J., Smits, P., van der Hoeven, J. G., Netea, M. G., & Pickkers, P. (2007) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000266534.14262.e8 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Immune Correlates of Depression
Irwin, M. R. (1999) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_1 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Schwarz, M., Müller, N., Riedel, M. J., & Ackenheil, M. (2001) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1203 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cytokines, Acute‐Phase Proteins, and Hormones
Burger, D., & Dayer, J.-M. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04248.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Maes, M. H. J., Bockstaele, D. R. V., Gastel, A. V., Song, C., Schotte, C., Neels, H. M., Meester, I. D., Scharpé, S., & Janca, A. (1999) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000026552 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Enhanced Cellular Immune Response in Women With PTSD Related to Childhood Abuse
Altemus, M., Cloitre, M., & Dhabhar, F. S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1705 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Cohen, B. E., Marmar, C. R., Neylan, T. C., Schiller, N. B., Ali, S., & Whooley, M. A. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.149 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationC-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND INTERLEUKIN6 RECEPTOR IN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A PILOT STUDY
Miller, R. J., Sutherland, A. G., Hutchison, J. D., & Alexander, D. A. (2001) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.2000.0825 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Invasive chronic inflammatory monocyte phenotype in subjects with high HIV-1 viral load
Pulliam, L., Sun, B., & Rempel, H. C. (2004) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.08.039 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSöndergaard, H. P., Hansson, L.-O., & Theorell, T. (2004) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2003.12.019 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Phenotype of Blood Lymphocytes in PTSD Suggests Chronic Immune Activation
Wilson, S. N., van der Kolk, B. A., Burbridge, J. A., Fisler, R. E., & Kradin, R. L. (1999) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(99)71238-7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Blood mononuclear cell gene expression signature of postpartum depression
Segman, R. H., Goltser‐Dubner, T., Weiner, I., Canetti, L., Galili‐Weisstub, E., Milwidsky, A., Pablov, V., Friedman, N., & Hochner‐Celnikier, D. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.65 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Laudenslager, M. L., Aasal, R., Adler, L. E., Berger, C. L., Montgomery, P. T., Sandberg, E., Wahlberg, L., Wilkins, R. T., Zweig, L., & Reite, M. L. (1998) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.1997.0513 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gender differences in stimulated cytokine production following acute psychological stress
Prather, A. A., Carroll, J., Fury, J. M., McDade, K. K., Ross, D. C., & Marsland, A. L. (2008) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.11.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kramer, P. R., & Wray, S. (2002) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00065-1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Disturbance of pro-inflammatory cytokines in post-traumatic psychopathology
Sutherland, A. G., Alexander, D., & Hutchison, J. (2003) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2003.09.004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Cell‐mediated immunity in combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Watson, I., Muller, H. K., Jones, I. H., & Bradley, A. J. (1993) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138003.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Segman, R. H., Shefi, N., Goltser‐Dubner, T., Friedman, N., Kaminski, N., & Shalev, A. Y. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001676 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Tumour necrosis factor α and bipolar affective puerperal psychosis
Middle, F., Jones, I. R., Robertson, E., Lendon, C. L., & Craddock, N. J. (2000) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/00041444-200010040-00008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Gidron, Y., Armon, T., Gilutz, H., & Huleihel, M. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(03)00061-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rokutan, K., Morita, K., Masuda, K., Tominaga, K., Shikishima, M., Teshima-Kondo, S., Omori, T., & Sekiyama, A. (2005) · The Journal of Medical Investigation · doi:10.2152/jmi.52.137 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Assessment of human stress and depression by DNA microarray analysis
Ohmori, T., Morita, K., Saito, T., Ohta, M., Ueno, S., & Rokutan, K. (2005) · The Journal of Medical Investigation · doi:10.2152/jmi.52.266 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond
Michopoulos, V., Powers, A., Gillespie, C. F., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.146 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Imaging the Role of Inflammation in Mood and Anxiety-related Disorders
Felger, J. C. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666171123201142 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Inflammation and post‐traumatic stress disorder
Hori, H., & Kim, Y. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12820 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
O’Donovan, A., Cohen, B. E., Seal, K. H., Bertenthal, D., Margaretten, M. E., Nishimi, K. M., & Neylan, T. C. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.015 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationLeen‐Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T., Knapp, A. A., Bunaciu, L., Blumenthal, H., & Amstadter, A. B. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.09.001 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Gene networks specific for innate immunity define post-traumatic stress disorder
Breen, M. S., Maihofer, A. X., Glatt, S. J., Tylee, D. S., Chandler, S. D., Tsuang, M. T., Risbrough, V. B., Baker, D. G., O'Connor, D. T., Nievergelt, C. M., et al. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.9 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder
Katrinli, Ş., Oliveira, N. C. D. S., Felger, J. C., Michopoulos, V., & Smith, A. K. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Kuan, P. F., Yang, X., Clouston, S., Ren, X., Kotov, R., Waszczuk, M. A., Singh, P. K., Glenn, S. T., Gomez, E. C., Wang, J., et al. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0355-8 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Animal models in translational studies of PTSD
Daskalakis, N. P., Yehuda, R., & Diamond, D. M. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.006 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Breen, M. S., Tylee, D. S., Maihofer, A. X., Neylan, T. C., Mehta, D., Binder, E. B., Chandler, S. D., Hess, J., Kremen, W. S., Risbrough, V. B., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.220 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationStress, Anxiety, and Immunomodulation
Ray, A., Gulati, K., & Rai, N. (2016) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2016.09.007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Daskalakis, N. P., Cohen, H., Nievergelt, C. M., Baker, D. G., Buxbaum, J. D., Russo, S. J., & Yehuda, R. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.024 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Le-Niculescu, H., Balaraman, Y., Patel, S. D., Ayalew, M., Gupta, J., Kuczenski, R. T., Shekhar, A., Schork, N. J., Geyer, M. A., & Niculescu, A. B. (2011) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2011.9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains
Brivio, E., Lopez, J. P., & Chen, A. (2020) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12643 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Genetics of glucocorticoid regulation and posttraumatic stress disorder -what do we know?
Castro-Vale, I., van Rossum, E. F. C., Machado, J. C., Mota-Cardoso, R., & Carvalho, D. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.005 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Glatt, S. J., Tylee, D. S., Chandler, S. D., Pazol, J., Nievergelt, C. M., Woelk, C. H., Baker, D. G., Lohr, J. B., Kremen, W. S., Litz, B. T., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32167 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Gill, J., Saligan, L. N., Lee, H., Rotolo, S., & Szanton, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.10.013 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Tylee, D. S., Chandler, S. D., Nievergelt, C. M., Liu, X., Pazol, J., Woelk, C. H., Lohr, J. B., Kremen, W. S., Baker, D. G., Glatt, S. J., et al. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.024 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Towards precision medicine for stress disorders: diagnostic biomarkers and targeted drugs
Le-Niculescu, H., Roseberry, K., Levey, D. F., Rogers, J., Kosary, K., Prabha, S., Jones, T., Judd, S., McCormick, M. A., Wessel, A. R., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0370-z · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Friend, S. F., Nachnani, R., Powell, S. B., & Risbrough, V. B. (2020) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15031 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Daskalakis, N. P., Meijer, O. C., & de Kloet, E. R. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100455 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Genomic Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Initiative
Nievergelt, C. M., Ashley‐Koch, A. E., Dalvie, S., Hauser, M. A., Morey, R. A., Smith, A. K., & Uddin, M. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Imai, R., Hori, H., Itoh, M., Lin, M., Niwa, M., Ino, K., Ogawa, S., Ishida, M., Sekiguchi, A., Matsui, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Church, D., Yount, G. L., Rachlin, K., Fox, L., & Nelms, J. A. (2016) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/0890117116661154 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Mehta, D., Miller, O., Bruenig, D., David, G., & Shakespeare‐Finch, J. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22472 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Transcriptome Alterations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Girgenti, M. J., & Duman, R. S. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.023 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Epigenetic Mechanisms Shape the Biological Response to Trauma and Risk for PTSD: A Critical Review
Heinzelmann, M., & Gill, J. (2013) · Nursing Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2013/417010 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Role of neuroinflammation and sex hormones in war-related PTSD.
Mendoza, C., Barreto, G., Avila-Rodriguez, M. F., & Echeverría, V. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.016 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Martin, C. G., Kim, H., Yun, S., Livingston, W. S., Fetta, J., Mysliwiec, V., Baxter, T., & Gill, J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.081 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The use of biomarkers in the military: From theory to practice
Yehuda, R., Neylan, T. C., Flory, J. D., & McFARLANE, A. C. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular and Cellular Effects of Traumatic Stress: Implications for PTSD
Girgenti, M. J., Hare, B. D., Ghosal, S., & Duman, R. S. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0841-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Transcriptome analysis reveals novel genes and immune networks dysregulated in veterans with PTSD
Mehta, D., Voisey, J., Bruenig, D., Harvey, W., Morris, C. P., Lawford, B. R., & Young, R. M. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.08.014 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder and incidence of thyroid dysfunction in women
Jung, S. J., Kang, J. H., Roberts, A. L., Nishimi, K. M., Chen, Q., Sumner, J. A., Kubzansky, L. D., & Koenen, K. C. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003495 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Raijmakers, R. P. H., Jansen, A. F. M., Keijmel, S. P., ter Horst, R., Roerink, M. E., Novakovic, B., Joosten, L. A. B., van der Meer, J. W. M., Netea, M. G., & Bleeker‐Rovers, C. P. (2019) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-019-1906-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Immune status influences fear and anxiety responses in mice after acute stress exposure
Clark, S. M., Sand, J., Francis, T. C., Nagaraju, A., Michael, K. C., Keegan, A. D., Kusnecov, A. W., Gould, T. D., & Tonelli, L. H. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Putative Inflammatory Sensitive Mechanisms Underlying Risk or Resilience to Social Stress
Finnell, J. E., & Wood, S. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00240 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Schmidt, U., Buell, D. R., Ionescu, I. A., Gassen, N. C., Holsboer, F., Cox, M. B., Novak, B., Huber, C. W., Hartmann, J., Schmidt, M. V., et al. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Altered gene expression and PTSD symptom dimensions in World Trade Center responders
Marchese, S., Cancelmo, L. M., Diab, O., Cahn, L., Aaronson, C., Daskalakis, N., Schaffer, J., Horn, S. R., Johnson, J. S., Schechter, C. B., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01457-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dalgard, C. L., Eidelman, O., Jozwik, C., Olsen, C. H., Srivastava, M., Biswas, R., Eudy, Y., Rothwell, S. W., Mueller, G. P., Yuan, P., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.285 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Sex/Gender-Dependent Effects in the Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders
Kokkosis, A. G., & Tsirka, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.266163 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Garrett, M. E., Qin, X., Mehta, D., Dennis, M. F., Marx, C. E., Grant, G. A., Workgroup, V. M.-A. M., Initiative, P., Stein, M. B., Kimbrel, N. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.678548 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tyagi, E., Agrawal, R., Zhuang, Y., Abad, C., Waschek, J. A., & Gómez‐Pinilla, F. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057945 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Utility of Gene Expression in Blood Cells for Diagnosing Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Woelk, C. H., Singhania, A., Pérez‐Santiago, J., Glatt, S. J., & Tsuang, M. T. (2011) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387718-5.00003-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Immune system regulation and role of the human leukocyte antigen in posttraumatic stress disorder
Katrinli, Ş., & Smith, A. K. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100366 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Li, X., Kobayashi, I., Tsao, D., & Mellman, T. A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.045 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Comparative, Developmental, and Clinical Perspective of Neurobehavioral Sexual Dimorphisms
Viveros, M., Mendrek, A., Paus, T., López-Rodríguez, A. B., Marco, E. M., Yehuda, R., Cohen, H., Lehrner, A. L., & Wagner, E. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00084 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Toloza, F. J. K., Mao, Y., Menon, L., George, G. M., Borikar, M., Erwin, P. J., Owen, R. R., & Maraka, S. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2020-0104 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Imai, R., Hori, H., Itoh, M., Lin, M., Niwa, M., Ino, K., Ogawa, S., Sekiguchi, A., Kunugi, H., Akechi, T., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54508-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Systems biology approach to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder
Thakur, G., Daigle, B. J., Dean, K. R., Zhang, Y., Rodriguez-Fernández, M., Hammamieh, R., Yang, R., Jett, M., Palma, J., Petzold, L. R., et al. (2015) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c4mb00404c · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Macnab, V., Scott, A. P., Katsiadaki, I. G., & Barber, I. (2011) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.07.005 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Proinflammatory status-stratified blood transcriptome profiling of civilian women with PTSD
Hori, H., Yoshida, F., Itoh, M., Lin, M., Niwa, M., Ino, K., Imai, R., Ogawa, S., Matsui, M., Kamo, T., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104491 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Nahum, K., Todder, D., Zohar, J., & Cohen, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23137185 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Torshizi, A. D., & Wang, K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15221-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hong, C., Schüffler, A., Kauhl, U., Cao, J., Wu, C., Opatz, T., Thines, E., & Efferth, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00181 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Harm, S., Schildböck, C., Cont, D., & Weber, V. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52735-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kim, G. S., Smith, A. K., Xue, F., Michopoulos, V., Lori, A., Armstrong, D. L., Aiello, A. E., Koenen, K. C., Galea, S., Wildman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.025 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Genome-wide expression and response to exposure-based psychological therapy for anxiety disorders
Roberts, S., Wong, C. C. Y., Breen, G. D., Coleman, J. R. I., de Jong, S., Jöhren, P., Keers, R., Curtis, C. J. C., Lee, S. H., Margraf, J., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.177 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hori, H., Fukushima, H., Nagayoshi, T., Ishikawa, R., Zhuo, M., Yoshida, F., Kunugi, H., Okamoto, K., Kim, Y., & Kida, S. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02453-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Psychological Stress – Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
Feodorova, Y. N., & Sarafian, V. S. (2012) · Folia Medica · doi:10.2478/v10153-011-0091-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, J., Zhao, H., & Girgenti, M. J. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.012 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Defining the nuanced nature of redox biology in post-traumatic stress disorder
Reed, E. C., & Case, A. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1130861 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Inflammation and Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Syrian and Iraqi Refugees
Grasser, L. R., Burghardt, P. R., Daugherty, A. M., Amirsadri, A., & Javanbakht, A. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10040075 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Discovery and replication of blood-based proteomic signature of PTSD in 9/11 responders
Waszczuk, M. A., Kuan, P. F., Yang, X., Miao, J., Kotov, R., & Luft, B. J. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02302-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Dai, Y., Tai, Y., Chang, Y.-T., Chen, T., & Chen, M. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000920 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The impact of post-traumatic stress on quality of life and fatigue in women with Gulf War Illness
Shastry, N., Sultana, E., Jeffrey, M. G., Collado, F., Kibler, J. L., DeLucia, C., FLETCHER, M. A., Klimas, N. G., & Craddock, T. J. A. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00752-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Inflammation and Traumatic Stress
Gill, J., & Szanton, S. L. (2011) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390311418652 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Endotoxin Neutralization as a Biomonitor for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Champion, K., Chiu, L. S., Ferbas, J., & Pepe, M. G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067736 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rajasekera, T. A., Joseph, A., Pan, H., Dreyfuss, J. M., Fida, D., Wilson, J. C., Behee, M., Fichorova, R. N., Cinar, R., & Spagnolo, P. A. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111501 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kumsta, R., Zang, J. C. S., Hummel, E. M., Müller, S., Moser, D., Herpertz, S., & Kessler, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181321 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of D-cycloserine in facilitating fear extinction: insights from RNAseq
Malan‐Müller, S., Fairbairn, L., Daniels, W. M. U., Dashti, M. J. S., Oakeley, E. J., Altorfer, M., Kidd, M., Seedat, S., Gamieldien, J., & Hemmings, S. M. J. (2015) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-015-9727-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and DNA Methylation
Rusiecki, J. A., Uddin, M., Alexander, M. S., & Moore, L. E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_98-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Peripheral inflammation over the course of a cognitive behavioral intervention in PTSD
von Majewski, K., Rohleder, N., & Ehring, T. W. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100620 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and DNA Methylation
Rusiecki, J. A., Uddin, M., Alexander, M. S., & Moore, L. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_98 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Song, J. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115447 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zannas, A. S., Binder, E. B., & Mehta, D. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118356142.ch10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Investigating differential expression in PTSD patients versus controls: An RNA-Seq study
Dicks, L. (2017) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chapter 1Overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Coughlin, S. S., & McNeil, R. B. (2013) · American Public Health Association eBooks · doi:10.2105/9780875530161ch01
Breen, M. S., Tylee, D. S., Maihofer, A. X., Neylan, T. C., Mehta, D., Binder, E., Chandler, S. D., Hess, J. L., Kremen, W. S., Risbrough, V. B., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/123182
Self-citationRestaino, A. C. (2017) · OpenBU (Boston University)
dos Santos, A. H. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2020.tde-04012021-103831
The Immune System and Anxiety Disorders
Michopoulos, V., & Jovanović, T. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108539623.013
Adverse Human Health Outcomes Associated with Psychologi-cal Trauma: A review
Jan, Z., Gostečnik, C., & Kralj‐Iglič, V. (2022) · Socratic Lectures · doi:10.55295/psl.2022.d7
Inflammation and traumatic stress
Hori, H., & Hakamata, Y. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817558-3.00015-9
Jiang, W., Bronk, G., Lake, M. T., Hoffman, N., Zar, H. J., Breen, M. S., Stein, D. J., Koen, N., Ressler, K. J., & Klengel, T. (2026) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20251098
Macnab, V. (2012) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
- Authors
- Neylan, T. C., Sun, B., Rempel, H., Ross, J., Lenoci, M., O’Donovan, A., & Pulliam, L.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Neylan, Thomas C.
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 524-531
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3039086
- OpenAlex
- W2075442427
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Defense (W81XWH-05-2-0094)
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC) of the US Veterans Health Administration
- National Institute for Mental Health (R01 MH73978)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, monocyte gene expression, CD14+ monocytes, sex differences, chronic inflammation, immune activation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gender dimorphism
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Monocytes, Sex Characteristics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Gene Expression Profiling, Microarray Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
