The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Observational studies have linked lower levels of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with inflammation and depression. This study was designed to determine whether n-3 supplementation would decrease serum cytokine production and depressive symptoms in 138 healthy middle-aged and older adults (average age=51.04, SD=7.76) who were sedentary and overweight (average BMI=30.59, SD=4.50). This three-arm randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind 4-month trial compared responses to (1) 2.5 g/d n-3 PUFAs, or (2) 1.25 g/d n-3 PUFAs, or (3) placebo capsules that mirrored the proportions of fatty acids in the typical American diet. Serum interleukin-6 decreased by 10% and 12% in our low and high dose n-3 groups, respectively, compared to a 36% increase in the placebo group. Similarly, low and high dose n-3 groups showed modest 0.2% and -2.3% changes in serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, compared to a 12% increase in the control group. Depressive symptoms were quite low at baseline and did not change significantly in response to supplementation. Our data suggest that n-3 PUFAs can reduce inflammation in overweight, sedentary middle-aged and older adults, and thus could have broad health benefits. These data provide a window into the ways in which the n-3 PUFAs may impact disease initiation, progression, and resolution. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00385723.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids has been shown to significantly reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines throughout the body326”
From Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [326]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“various RCTs have shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces inflammation142–144 and may thus have health-promoting effects141–144”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [143]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION
Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1139/o59-099 · Cited by 54,751
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
Everitt, B. S. (2001) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605542-11 · Cited by 6,877
Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease
Kris-Etherton, P. M., Harris, W. S., & Appel, L. J. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000038493.65177.94 · Cited by 3,707
Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.90100.2007 · Cited by 2,388
Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: a validation study.
Weissman, M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B., & Locke, B. Z. (1977) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455 · Cited by 2,232
(1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,062
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases
Simopoulos, A. P. (2002) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2002.10719248 · Cited by 2,060
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span
Furman, D., Campisi, J., Verdin, E., Carrera-Bastos, P., Targ, S., Franceschi, C., Ferrucci, L., Gilroy, D. W., Fasano, A., Miller, G. W., et al. (2019) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0 · Cited by 4,915
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8 · Cited by 1,443
Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection
Christ, A., Lauterbach, M., & Latz, E. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020 · Cited by 907
Inflammation: Depression Fans the Flames and Feasts on the Heat
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Derry, H. M., & Fagundes, C. P. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020152 · Cited by 844
Self-citationIddir, M., Alex Brito, O., Dingeo, G., Sosa, S., Samouda, H., Frano, M. R. L., & Bohn, T. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061562 · Cited by 825
Metadata
- Authors
- Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Belury, M. A., Andridge, R., Malarkey, W. B., Hwang, B. S., & Glaser, R.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 988-995
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3398219
- OpenAlex
- W2124212092
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (AG029562, UL1RR025755, CA16058)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary supplementation, inflammation, interleukin-6, TNF-α, depressive symptoms, overweight, sedentary lifestyle, middle-aged and older adults, serum cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Body Weight, Depression, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Health Behavior, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Interleukin-6, Treatment Outcome, Sample Size, Dietary Supplements, Overweight, Waist Circumference, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
