No effect of fish oil supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships: a randomized controlled trial in healthy, middle-aged individuals
Open accessAbstract
Background A high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly present in fish, may be associated with decreased inflammation. Previous intervention studies on fish PUFA and inflammatory markers in healthy individuals did not analyze a broad spectrum of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules, or their interrelationships. Therefore, we determined the effects of fish oil supplementation on 19 serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships in healthy, middle-aged individuals.Methods Individuals (n=77) aged 50-70 years completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study. Participants received 3.5 g/day fish oil (1.5 g/day total n-3 PUFA) (n=39) or placebo (high oleic sunflower oil) (n=38) for 12 weeks. Serum concentrations of 19 inflammatory markers were determined using a multiplex immunoassay before and after intervention. Changes in concentrations were analyzed using analysis of covariance and differences in patterns in inflammatory markers between the fish oil and placebo group were analyzed by principal component analysis.Results Fish oil supplementation did not significantly affect serum concentrations of cytokines, chemokines or cell adhesion molecules as compared with placebo. However, there was a trend for all inflammatory markers to increase after fish oil supplementation. PCA did not result in markedly distinctive patterns of inflammatory markers for the fish oil and placebo group.Conclusion In conclusion, this 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial did not show that 1.5 g/day n-3 PUFA significantly affected the serum inflammatory response in healthy individuals, nor did patterns of inflammatory markers. Thus, a healthy middle-aged population may not benefit from fish oil as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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- Authors
- Pot, G. K., Brouwer, I. A., Enneman, A., Rijkers, G. T., Kampman, E., & Geelen, A.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- TiFN (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Geelen, A
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2009-07-22
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1353-1359
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2032169238
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- fish oil supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, serum inflammatory markers, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, anti-inflammatory activity, middle-aged adults, healthy individuals, high oleic sunflower oil
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fish Oils, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cytokines, Chemokines, Dietary Supplements, Principal Component Analysis
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