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Sleep disturbance and longitudinal risk of inflammation: Moderating influences of social integration and social isolation in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Open accessAbstract
Both sleep disturbance and social isolation increase the risk for morbidity and mortality. Systemic inflammation is suspected as a potential mechanism of these associations. However, the complex relationships between sleep disturbance, social isolation, and inflammation have not been examined in a population-based longitudinal study. This study examined the longitudinal association between sleep disturbance and systemic inflammation, and the moderating effects of social isolation on this association. The CARDIA study is a population-based longitudinal study conducted in four US cities. Sleep disturbance - i.e., insomnia complaints and short sleep duration - was assessed in 2962 African-American and White adults at baseline (2000-2001, ages 33-45years). Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at baseline and follow-up (2005-2006). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and subjective and objective social isolation (i.e., feelings of social isolation and social network size) were measured at follow-up. Sleep disturbance was a significant predictor of inflammation five years later after full adjustment for covariates (adjusted betas: 0.048, P=0.012 for CRP; 0.047, P=0.017 for IL-6). Further adjustment for baseline CRP revealed that sleep disturbance also impacted the longitudinal change in CRP levels over five years (adjusted beta: 0.044, P=0.013). Subjective social isolation was a significant moderator of this association between sleep disturbance and CRP (adjusted beta 0.131, P=0.002). Sleep disturbance was associated with heightened systemic inflammation in a general population over a five-year follow-up, and this association was significantly stronger in those who reported feelings of social isolation. Clinical interventions targeting sleep disturbances may be a potential avenue for reducing inflammation, particularly in individuals who feel socially isolated.
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“subjective social isolation was a significant moderator of this association between sleep disturbance and inflammation in which this relationship was significantly stronger in those who reported feelings of social isolation.”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Cho et al, 2015
In the citing paper
“sleep disturbance (ie, insomnia complaints and short sleep duration) was a significant predictor of inflammation (CRP and IL-6) 5 years later (Cho et al, 2015)”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Cho et al, 2015
In the citing paper
“Important ramifications of low-grade inflammation are insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and neuroinflammation (109, 244, 336, 485, 572), as well as immunodeficiency due to impaired DC, T, and B cell functions (80, 199, 422), which in turn can promote failure of tumor and pathogen defense (123, 426) (reviewed in Ref. 198).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [109]
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Hertel, E., Rathleff, M. S., Straszek, C. L., Holden, S., & Petersen, K. K. (2025) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001283 · Cited by 1
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cho, H. J., Seeman, T. E., Kiefe, C. I., Lauderdale, D. S., & Irwin, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cho, Hyong Jin
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-05
- Volume
- 46
- Pages
- 319-326
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4414819
- OpenAlex
- W2045027490
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 10.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (N01-HC-95095, N01-HC-48047)
- University of Minnesota (N01-HC-48048)
- Northwestern University (N01-HC-48049)
- Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (N01-HC-48050)
- University of California (N01-HC-45134)
- Harbor-University of California (N01-HC-05187)
- Wake Forest University (N01-HC-45205)
- New England Medical Center (N01-HC-45204)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep disorders, insomnia, short sleep duration, systemic inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, social isolation, social integration, social network size, moderating effect, young adults, CARDIA study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Behavior, Social Isolation, Interleukin-6
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