The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The microbiome, immunity, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Open accessAbstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are serious neuropsychiatric disorders of uncertain etiology. Recent studies indicate that immune activation may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of these disorders. Numerous studies in animal models indicate that the mucosal microbiome may influence cognition and behavior by altering the functioning of the immune system. It is thus likely that the microbiome plays a role in human psychiatric disorders. The study of immune alterations and the microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is in its infancy. Two recent investigations of the oro-pharyngeal microbiota in schizophrenia found differences between cases and controls. Other studies have found increased gastrointestinal inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder based on measures of microbial translocation. Several studies have also found an association between the receipt of antibiotics and an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders, perhaps due to alterations in the microbiome. Studies to characterize the intestinal microbiome of individuals with these disorders are in progress. The ultimate test of the role of the microbiome and immune-mediated pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder will come from clinical trials of therapeutic agents which alter gut microbiota or gastrointestinal inflammation. The successful development of such modalities would represent a novel strategy to prevent and treat serious psychiatric disorders.
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“Patients with SCZ and BD have been consistently shown to present with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress products, chemokines, and soluble adhesion molecules both in the peripheral blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (14, 15).”
From Investigation of systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein ratio, lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio as indicators of inflammation in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Chronic low-level inflammation, characterized by a diminished yet ongoing reaction, is commonly observed in emotional, psychiatric, personality, and neurotic conditions (11).”
From Retrospective evaluation of novel serum inflammatory biomarkers in first-episode psychiatric disorders: diagnostic potential and immune dysregulation (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
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Citations
Cites
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“Within the schizophrenia group, the level of this phage was significantly associated with the presence of immunological disorders such as diabetes, which are common co-morbid conditions in individuals with schizophrenia (Schoepf et al., 2014).”
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“Prevalence estimates for any psychiatric comorbidity in patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), for example, range from 54 to 94% (Whitehead et al., 2002), and specifically estimates for a schizophrenia comorbidity approach 20% (Gupta et al., 1997).”
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Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence in mice: implications for brain and behaviour
Desbonnet, L., Clarke, G., Traplin, A., O’Sullivan, O., Crispie, F., Moloney, R. D., Cotter, P. D., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.004 · Cited by 760 · cited 1×
“Multiple studies have documented an interaction between the gut microbiome, immunity, cognitive functioning and behavior in a number of models, most of which involve rodents (Desbonnet et al., 2015).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Buscaino, 1953, Patologia extraneurale della schizofrenia. Fegato, tubo digerente, sistema reticolo-endoteliale, Acta Neurol., VIII, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders
Góralczyk-Bińkowska, A., Szmajda‐Krygier, D., & Kozłowska, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911245 · Cited by 569
Influence of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders
Cénit, M. C., Sanz, Y., & Codoñer‐Franch, P. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i30.5486 · Cited by 433
Lopresti, A. L. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmx011 · Cited by 386
Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on psychiatry
Mörkl, S., Butler, M. I., Holl, A., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2020) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00313-5 · Cited by 337
The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people
Lin, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, P., Chen, G., Zhou, Y., & Yu, X. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110791 · Cited by 357
“, 2015), depression (Koopman and El Aidy, 2017), schizophrenia (Dickerson et al., 2017) and Alzheimer's disease (Shen et al.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Dickerson, F., Severance, E., & Yolken, R.
- Affiliations
- Sheppard Pratt Health System (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dickerson, Faith
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 46-52
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5503102
- OpenAlex
- W2565906784
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH094268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- microbiome, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, immune activation, gut microbiota, oral microbiota, gastrointestinal inflammation, microbial translocation, antibiotics, neuropsychiatric disorders, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Immunity, Schizophrenia, Microbiota
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