Cited by 191Tryptophan and brain disordersStress Responses and CortisolVagus Nerve Stimulation Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and immune balance in Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Case-controlled study

Open access

Hou, Ruihua, Garner, Matthew, Holmes, Clive, Osmond, Clive, Teeling, Jessica, Lau, Laurie, Baldwin, David S.·2017·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.021PMC PMC5373436

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction Previous investigations have demonstrated that major depression is associated with particular patterns of cytokine signalling. The primary aim of this study was to examine peripheral pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune balance in Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD).Methods A case-controlled cross-sectional study design was employed: 54 patients with GAD and 64 healthy controls were recruited. Participants completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Two pro-inflammatory and two anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using multiplex technology.Results Case-control logistic regression analyses revealed significant differences in serum levels of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ between GAD and control groups after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption: these group differences were independent of the presence or degree of depression. Comparison of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios indicated that there were significantly higher ratios of TNF-α/IL10, TNF-α/IL4, IFN-γ/IL10, and IFN-γ/IL4 in the GAD group compared to the control group.Conclusions This study is the first to investigate both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their balance in patients with GAD in comparison to healthy controls. The findings indicate a relatively increased pro-inflammatory response and decreased anti-inflammatory response and provide the first demonstration of an altered cytokine balance in GAD. Serum cytokine levels in GAD were independent of the presence of depression.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.021

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765
Untitled work
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152
Untitled work
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target
Miller, A. H., & Raison, C. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2015.5 · Cited by 3,942
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848
The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
Wittchen, H. U., Jacobi, F., Rehm, J., Gustavsson, A., Svensson, M., Jönsson, B., Olesen, J., Allgulander, C., Alonso, J., Faravelli, C., et al. (2011) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018 · Cited by 3,754

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 80 references

2 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Immune Influencers in Action: Metabolites and Enzymes of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway
Tanaka, M., Tóth, F., Polyák, H., Szabó, Á., Mándi, Y., & Vécsei, L. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9070734 · Cited by 259
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and generalised anxiety disorder
Costello, H., Gould, R. L., Abrol, E., & Howard, R. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027925 · Cited by 248
On inflammatory hypothesis of depression: what is the role of IL-6 in the middle of the chaos?
Roohi, E., Jaafari, N., & Hashemian, F. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02100-7 · Cited by 256
The association between anxiety, traumatic stress, and obsessive–compulsive disorders and chronic inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Renna, M. E., O'Toole, M. S., Spaeth, P. E., Lekander, M., & Mennin, D. S. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22790 · Cited by 220
Factors related to mental health of inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Hu, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., You, C., Tan, J., Hu, L., Zhang, Z., & Ding, L. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.016 · Cited by 175
A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms
Low, R. N., Low, R. J., & Akrami, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936 · Cited by 205
Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Compound for Health Management
Clayton, P., Hill, M., Bogoda, N. O., Subah, S., & Venkatesh, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105305 · Cited by 153
Repeated stress induces a pro-inflammatory state, increases amygdala neuronal and microglial activation, and causes anxiety in adult male rats
Munshi, S., Loh, M. K., Ferrara, N., DeJoseph, M. R., Ritger, A., Padival, M., Record, M. J., Urban, J. H., & Rosenkranz, J. A. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.023 · Cited by 117
Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Matsuzaki, R., Gunnigle, E., Geissen, V., Clarke, G. A., Nagpal, J. K., & Cryan, J. F. (2023) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/s41396-023-01450-9 · Cited by 129
Mental disorder in children with physical conditions: a pilot study
Butler, A. E., Lieshout, R. J. V., Lipman, E. L., MacMillan, H. L., González, A., Gorter, J. W., Georgiades, K., Speechley, K. N., Boyle, M. H., & Ferro, M. A. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019011 · Cited by 109
Monoterpenes modulating cytokines - A review
Quintans, J. D. S. S., Saravanan, S., Heimfarth, L., Araújo, A. A. D. S., Almeida, J. R. G. D. S., Picot, L., & Quintans‐Júnior, L. J. (2018) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.058 · Cited by 106
The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment
van Vuren, E. J., Steyn, S. F., Brink, C. B., Möller, M., Viljoen, F. P., & Harvey, B. H. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111200 · Cited by 106
Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
Dahchour, A. (2022) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421 · Cited by 101
Effects of SSRIs on Peripheral Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Hou, R., Ye, G., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Pan, M., Zhu, F., Fu, J., Fu, T., Liu, Q., Gao, Z., et al. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.001 · Cited by 97
Self-citation
The cytokine profile of women with severe anxiety and depression during pregnancy
Leff, P., Mancilla‐Herrera, I., Flores‐Ramos, M., Takashima, M. F. S., Coronel, F., Cruz-Fuentes, C. S., Molina, A., Hernández-Ruiz, J., Silva-Aguilera, F. S., Farfán-Labonne, B. E., et al. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2087-6 · Cited by 90
Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Interleukin in Vitro: Relevance for Major Depression and Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Borsini, A., Benedetto, M. G. D., Giacobbe, J., & Pariante, C. M. (2020) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa055 · Cited by 86
Immune-inflammatory pathways and clinical changes in fibromyalgia patients treated with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Borràs, X., Feliu-Soler, A., Pérez-Aranda, A., Rozadilla-Sacanell, A., Montero-Marin, J., Maes, M., & Luciano, J. V. (2019) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.02.030 · Cited by 87
Unbalanced plasma TNF-α and IL-12/IL-10 profile in women with migraine is associated with psychological and physiological outcomes
Oliveira, A. B., Bachi, A. L. L., Ribeiro, R. T., de Mello, M. T., Tufik, S. B., & Peres, M. F. P. (2017) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.09.008 · Cited by 87
Persistence of long COVID symptoms in COVID-19 survivors worldwide and its potential pathogenesis - A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fahriani, M., Ilmawan, M., Fajar, J. K., Maliga, H. A., Frediansyah, A., Masyeni, S., Yusuf, H., Nainu, F., Rosiello, F., Sirinam, S., et al. (2021) · Narra J · doi:10.52225/narraj.v1i2.36 · Cited by 83
Co-Players in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway
Tanaka, M., Török, N., Tóth, F., Szabó, Á., & Vécsei, L. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080897 · Cited by 91
Peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in Chinese patients with generalised anxiety disorder
Tang, Z., Ye, G., Chen, X., Pan, M., Fu, J., Fu, T., Liu, Q., Gao, Z., Baldwin, D. S., & Hou, R. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.082 · Cited by 83
Modulating Neuroinflammation to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Radtke, F., Chapman, G., Hall, J., & Syed, Y. A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/5071786 · Cited by 80
The immune-kynurenine pathway in social anxiety disorder
Butler, M., Long-Smith, C. M., Moloney, G. M., Mörkl, S., O’Mahony, S. M., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G. A., & Dinan, T. G. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.020 · Cited by 70
Neuroinflammatory alterations in trait anxiety: modulatory effects of minocycline
Rooney, S., Sah, A., Unger, M. S., Kharitonova, M. V., Sartori, S. B., Schwarzer, C., Aigner, L., Kettenmann, H., Wolf, S. A., & Singewald, N. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00942-y · Cited by 62
Alleviating anxiety and taming trauma: Novel pharmacotherapeutics for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder
Singewald, N., Sartori, S. B., Reif, A., & Holmes, A. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109418 · Cited by 64
The incidence of depression and anxiety in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Park, J. Y., Howren, A. M., Zusman, E. Z., Esdaile, J. M., & Vera, M. A. D. (2020) · BMC Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s41927-019-0111-6 · Cited by 60
Psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on staff in a dental teaching hospital
Mahendran, K., Patel, S. S., & Sproat, C. (2020) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-020-1792-3 · Cited by 56
Sustained TNF signaling is required for the synaptic and anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress
Kemp, G. M., Altimimi, H. F., Nho, Y., Heir, R., Klyczek, A., & Stellwagen, D. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01737-x · Cited by 59
Association between particulate air pollution exposure during pregnancy and postpartum maternal psychological functioning
Sheffield, P. E., Speranza, R. J., Chiu, Y.-H. M., Hsu, H. L., Curtin, P. C. P., Renzetti, S., Pajak, A., Coull, B. A., Schwartz, J. D., Kloog, I., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195267 · Cited by 54
Anxiety levels predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women assessed for osteoporosis
Catalano, A., Martino, G., Bellone, F., Gaudio, A., Lasco, C. G., Langher, V., Lasco, A., & Morabito, N. (2018) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001123 · Cited by 50
Serum Interferon-Gamma Level Is Associated with Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder
Daria, S., Proma, M. A., Shahriar, M., Islam, S. M. A., Bhuiyan, M. A., & Islam, M. R. (2020) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312120974169 · Cited by 46
Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics
Ağagündüz, D., Çelik, E., Cemali, Ö., Bingöl, F. G., Özenir, Ç., Özoğul, F., & Capasso, R. (2023) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4 · Cited by 47
Recent advances in anxiety disorders: Focus on animal models and pathological mechanisms
Zhao, H., Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Jiang, J., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12360 · Cited by 50
B-cells are abnormal in psychosocial stress and regulate meningeal myeloid cell activation
Lynall, M.-E., Kigar, S. L., Lehmann, M. L., DePuyt, A. E., Tuong, Z. K., Listwak, S. J., ELKAHLOUN, A. G., Bullmore, E. T., Herkenham, M. A., & Clatworthy, M. R. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.002 · Cited by 44
Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring
Wang, L., Hu, Y., Jiang, N., & Yetisen, A. K. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242 · Cited by 50
Mechanisms of microbiota-gut-brain axis communication in anxiety disorders
Jiang, M., Li, K., Wang, Y., Zhou, B., Li, H.-Y., Yan, Q., & Liu, Z.-G. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1501134 · Cited by 52
Unconventional natural gas development and adverse birth outcomes in Pennsylvania: The potential mediating role of antenatal anxiety and depression
Casey, J. A., Goin, D. E., Rudolph, K. E., Schwartz, B. S., Mercer, D. G., Elser, H. C., Eisen, E. A., & Morello-Frosch, R. A. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108598 · Cited by 43
Differences in cytokines between patients with generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder
Zou, Z., Zhou, B., Huang, Y., Wang, J., Min, W., & Li, T. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.109975 · Cited by 41
Neurological Disorders and Risk of Arrhythmia
Bernardi, J., Aromolaran, K. A., & Aromolaran, A. S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010188 · Cited by 40
Peripheral adiponectin levels in anxiety, mood, trauma- and stressor-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Vuong, E., Nöthling, J., Lombard, C. J., Jewkes, R. K., Peer, N., Abrahams, N., & Seedat, S. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.050 · Cited by 40
Pharmacotherapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Novel Experimental Medicine Models and Emerging Drug Targets
Baldwin, D. S., Hou, R. H., Gordon, R., Huneke, N. T. M., & Garner, M. J. (2017) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0423-2 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Coptisine Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Lesions and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice
Nguyen, L. T. H., Choi, M.-J., Shin, H., & Yang, I. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27041412 · Cited by 35
Photobiomodulation Therapy Attenuates Anxious-Depressive-Like Behavior in the TgF344 Rat Model
Yang, L., Wu, C., Tucker, L. D., Dong, Y., Li, Y., Xu, P., & Zhang, Q. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201616 · Cited by 34
Attention to emotional information is associated with cytokine responses to psychological stress.
Maydych, V., Claus, M., Watzl, C., & Kleinsorge, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00687 · Cited by 33
Association between peripheral inflammation and free-water imaging in Major Depressive Disorder before and after ketamine treatment – A pilot study
Langhein, M., Seitz‐Holland, J., Lyall, A. E., Pasternak, O., Chunga, N., Karayumak, S. C., Kubicki, A., Mulert, C., Espinoza, R. T., Narr, K. L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.043 · Cited by 33
Gut‐Brain Axis Impact on Canine Anxiety Disorders: New Challenges for Behavioral Veterinary Medicine
Sacoor, C., Marugg, J. D., Lima, N. R., Empadinhas, N., & Montezinho, L. (2024) · Veterinary Medicine International · doi:10.1155/2024/2856759 · Cited by 33
Update on Statin Treatment in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Avan, R., Sahebnasagh, A., Hashemi, J., Monajati, M., Faramarzi, F., Henney, N. C., Montecucco, F., Jamialahmadi, T., & Sahebkar, A. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11121365 · Cited by 34
Inflammation, amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal functional connectivity and symptoms of anxiety and PTSD in African American women recruited from an inner-city hospital: Preliminary results
Mehta, N. D., Stevens, J. S., Li, Z., Fani, N., Gillespie, C. F., Ravi, M., Michopoulos, V., & Felger, J. C. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.013 · Cited by 33
Gut Biome and Mental Health: Do Probiotics Work?
Madabushi, J. S., Khurana, P., Gupta, N., & Gupta, M. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.40293 · Cited by 33
The (neuro)inflammatory system in anxiety disorders and PTSD: Potential treatment targets
Sah, A., & Singewald, N. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108825 · Cited by 39
Abnormal night sleep duration and inappropriate sleep initiation time are associated with elevated anxiety symptoms in Chinese rural adults: the Henan Rural Cohort
Zhou, L., Zhang, H., Luo, Z., Liu, X., Yang, L., Hu, H., Wang, Y., Wang, C., & Wang, F. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113232 · Cited by 27
A randomized control trial investigating high-intensity interval training and mental health: A novel non-responder phenotype related to anxiety in young adults
Lucibello, K. M., Paolucci, E. M., Graham, J. D., & Heisz, J. J. (2020) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100327 · Cited by 25
Role of PPARs in Progression of Anxiety: Literature Analysis and Signaling Pathways Reconstruction
Рудько, О. И., Tretiakov, A. V., Наумова, Е. А., & Климов, Е. А. (2020) · PPAR Research · doi:10.1155/2020/8859017 · Cited by 24
Neuroimmune Imbalances and Yin-Yang Dynamics in Stress, Anxiety, and Depression
Yan, Q. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7828-1_5 · Cited by 25
Early-Life Stress Regulates Cardiac Development through an IL-4-Glucocorticoid Signaling Balance
Apaydin, D. C., Jaramillo, P. A. M., Corradi, L., Cosco, F., Rathjen, F. G., Kammertoens, T., Filosa, A., & Sawamiphak, S. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108404 · Cited by 24
tDCS and exercise improve anxiety-like behavior and locomotion in chronic pain rats via modulation of neurotrophins and inflammatory mediators
Lopes, B. C., Medeiros, L. F., Stein, D. J., Cioato, S. G., de Souza, V. S., Medeiros, H. R., Sanches, P. R. S., Fregni, F., Caumo, W., & Torres, I. L. D. S. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113173 · Cited by 24
Combining S100B and Cytokines as Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study Based on Machine Learning
Shen, Z., Cui, L., Mou, S., Ren, L., Yuan, Y., Shen, X., & Li, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.881241 · Cited by 24
Anxiety disorders in childhood are associated with youth IL-6 levels: A mediation study including metabolic stress and childhood traumatic events
de Baumont, A., Bortoluzzi, A., de Aguiar, B. W., Scotton, E., Guimarães, L. S. P., Kapczinski, F. P., da Silva, C. T. B., & Manfro, G. G. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.011 · Cited by 28
Chronic unpredictable mild stress induces anxiety-like behavior in female C57BL/6N mice, accompanied by alterations in inflammation and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism
Luo, Y., Jiang, N., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Chen, F., Li, X., Qiang, M., Zeng, G., He, Q., Liu, X., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1556744 · Cited by 23
The multifaceted impact of stress on immune function
Balcerowska, M., & Kwaśnik, P. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-025-11134-6 · Cited by 23
Increased risks of psychiatric disorders in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome—a secondary cohort analysis of nationwide, population-based health claim data
Hsieh, M.-C., Hsu, C., Lu, M., & Koo, M. (2019) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-019-04705-z · Cited by 23
Neurological and psychiatric presentations associated with COVID-19
He, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, L., Zheng, X., Zhang, G., Pan, K., Yu, H., Zhang, L., & Hu, X. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01244-0 · Cited by 24
Hemogram parameters in childhood anxiety disorders: Could anxiety disorders be related with inflammation?
Uzun, N., & Akıncı, M. A. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110440 · Cited by 23
Therapeutic effects of Silexan on somatic symptoms and physical health in patients with anxiety disorders: A meta‐analysis
von Känel, R., Kasper, S. F., Bondolfi, G., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., Hättenschwiler, J. A., Hatzinger, M., Imboden, C., Heitlinger, E., & Seifritz, E. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1997 · Cited by 23
Long-term evaluation of temporomandibular disorders in association with cytokine and autoantibody status in young women
Son, C., Park, Y. K., & Park, J. W. (2021) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155551 · Cited by 21
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure related with serum cytokine in epilepsy patients
Shin, H., Chu, K., Lee, W., Lee, H. S., Kim, E. Y., Son, H., Moon, J., Kim, N., Jung, K.-Y., Jung, K., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10865-x · Cited by 19
Correlation between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and Emotional Symptom Traits: A Systematic Review
Malik, S., Alnaji, O., Malik, M., Gambale, T., & Rathbone, M. P. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010102 · Cited by 22
A Systematic Review of Inflammatory Cytokine Changes Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Animal Models and Humans
Devlin, P., Ishrat, T., & Stanfill, A. (2022) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-022-01001-y · Cited by 20
Novel neuronal surface autoantibodies in plasma of patients with depression and anxiety
Zong, S., Hoffmann, C., Mané-Damas, M., Kappelmann, N., Molenaar, P. C., van Grootheest, G., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Rouhl, R. P. W., Losen, M. H., & Martínez‐Martínez, P. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-01083-y · Cited by 20
Psychological impact on dental students and professionals in a Lima population during COVID-19s wave: a study with predictive models
Morales-Montoya, M., Córdova-Limaylla, N. E., Briceño‐Vergel, G., Castañeda, M. I. L., Garcia-Luna, G., Cachay-Criado, H., Cervantes‐Ganoza, L., & Cayo-Rojas, C. F. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18899-x · Cited by 18
The Inflammatory Nature of Post-surgical Delirium Predicts Benefit of Agents With Anti-TNF Effects, Such as Dexmedetomidine
Clark, I. A., & Vissel, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00257 · Cited by 17
Altered serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-23A levels may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder
Mamun-or-Rashid, Roknuzzaman, A. S. M., Sarker, R., Nayem, J., Bhuiyan, M. A., Islam, M. R., & Mahmud, Z. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-66131-9 · Cited by 17
Inflammatory links between epilepsy and depression: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Shi, Y., Yang, H., He, C., Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Wang, X., Hao, F., Feng, C., Ma, L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1614297 · Cited by 18
G721-0282 Exerts Anxiolytic-Like Effects on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice Through Inhibition of Chitinase-3-Like 1-Mediated Neuroinflammation
Ham, H. J., Lee, Y. S., Lee, H. P., Ham, Y. W., Yun, J., Han, S., & Hong, J. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.793835 · Cited by 14
Relevant Characteristics Analysis Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Based on Phenotypes and T-Cell Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Anxiety
Gu, X., Jin, Y., Fu, T., Zhang, X., Li, T., Yang, Y., Li, R., Zhou, W., Guo, J., Zhao, R. Z., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793505 · Cited by 15
Characterizing patient-reported outcomes in veterans with cirrhosis
Rogal, S. S., Yakovchenko, V., Gonzalez, R. I., Park, A., Lamorte, C., Gibson, S. P., Chartier, M., Ross, D. B., Comstock, E., Bajaj, J. S., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238712 · Cited by 14
Psychological distress after subarachnoid haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bartlett, M., Bulters, D. O., & Hou, R. H. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110559 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
A Cytokine-based model for the pathophysiology of Long COVID symptomsPreprint
Low, R. N., Low, R. J., & Akrami, A. (2020) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/7gcnv · Cited by 14
The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Regulatory Signaling by IL-33 in the Brain and Liver: A Focused Systematic Review of Mouse and Human Data and Risk of Bias Assessment of the Literature
Zharichenko, N., & Njoku, D. B. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21113933 · Cited by 13
The Pediatric Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Development and Intervention
Marano, G., Sfratta, G., Marzo, E. M., Cozzo, G., Abate, F., Traversi, G., Mazza, O., Capristo, E., Gaetani, E., & Mazza, M. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12111561 · Cited by 18
Anxiety Levels Predict Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women Undergoing Oral Bisphosphonates: A Two-Year Follow-Up
Martino, G., Bellone, F., Vicario, C. M., Gaudio, A., Caputo, A., Corica, F., Squadrito, G., Schwarz, P., Morabito, N., & Catalano, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158144 · Cited by 12
Association of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder: a case-control study
Sarmin, N., Roknuzzaman, A. S. M., Sarker, R., -or-Rashid, M., Qusar, M. S., Bachar, S. C., Kabir, E. R., Islam, M. R., & Mahmud, Z. A. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05911-z · Cited by 12
Effects of Current Psychotropic Drugs on Inflammation and Immune System
Bhatt, S., Dhar, A. K., Samanta, M. K., & Suttee, A. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_18 · Cited by 12
Sex-specific effects of voluntary wheel running on behavior and the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis in mice
Williams, Z. A. P., Szyszkowicz, J. K., Osborne, N., Allehyany, B., Nadon, C., Udechukwu, M. C., Santos, A. C. C., & Audet, M. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100628 · Cited by 11
Association Between Orofacial Pain and Anxiety: A Systematic Review
Rahardian, M., Putri, F. A., & Maulina, T. (2024) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s432031 · Cited by 12
Hair cortisol concentration in anxiety disorders: exploration of relationships with symptom severity and inflammatory markers
Elnazer, H. Y., Lau, L. C. K., Amaro, H., & Baldwin, D. S. (2020) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2020.35 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Predictive effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
Wang, W.-Y., Liu, N., Qi, X., Han, B., Sun, J.-N., Chen, Z., Wang, M., & Wang, Y.-Y. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i9.1308 · Cited by 10
Stressor-Induced Increases in Circulating, but Not Colonic, Cytokines Are Related to Anxiety-like Behavior and Hippocampal Inflammation in a Murine Colitis Model
Maltz, R. M., Marte-Ortiz, P., Rajasekera, T. A., Loman, B. R., Gur, T., & Bailey, M. T. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23042000 · Cited by 10
Microbiota-ear-brain interaction is associated with generalized anxiety disorder through activation of inflammatory cytokine responses
Feng, R., Zhu, Q., Li, Q., Zhai, Y., Wang, J., Qin, C., Liang, D., Zhang, R., Tian, H., Liu, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117726 · Cited by 10
Effects of statins on anxiety and depression in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome
Yeh, J., Syue, S.-H., Lin, C., Hsu, C. Y., Shae, Z., & Kao, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.002 · Cited by 10
Analyses of peripheral blood dendritic cells and magnetic resonance spectroscopy support dysfunctional neuro‐immune crosstalk in Tourette syndrome
Sarchioto, M., Howe, F. A., Dumitriu, I. E., Morgante, F., Stern, J. S., Edwards, M. J., & Martino, D. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14837 · Cited by 10
Comparative Analysis of Anxiety/Depression Scores in COVID-19 Patients with Disease Severity, Sleep Patterns, and Certain Laboratory Test Results
Meng, Z.-Q., Leng, Q., Wang, X., Xu, C.-H., Xu, J. Y., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Archives of Medical Science · doi:10.5114/aoms/136111 · Cited by 9
Impact of history of mental disorders on short-term mortality among hospitalized patients with sepsis: A population-based cohort study
Oud, L., & Garza, J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265240 · Cited by 10
Evolutionary Aspects of Diverse Microbial Exposures and Mental Health: Focus on “Old Friends” and Stress Resilience
Dawud, L. M., Holbrook, E. M., & Lowry, C. A. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_385 · Cited by 10
Minocycline as a potential anxiolytic drug: systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence in murine models
Iglesias, L. P., Soares, N., Asth, L., Moreira, F. A., & de Aguiar, D. C. (2023) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000754 · Cited by 8
Elevated Specific Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peripheral Circulation Indicate an Increased Risk of Anxiety and Depression in Rosacea
Yang, X., Feng, Z., & Cai, M. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s468773 · Cited by 9
Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammatory response index and hematologic inflammatory parameters in generalized anxiety disorder: a controlled study
Canlı, D. (2024) · Anatolian Current Medical Journal · doi:10.38053/acmj.1427475 · Cited by 9
One-day acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) workshop improves anxiety but not vascular function or inflammation in adults with moderate to high anxiety levels in a randomized controlled trial.
Fiedorowicz, J. G., Dindo, L., Ajibewa, T., Persons, J., Marchman, J., Holwerda, S. W., Abosi, O. J., DuBose, L. E., Wooldridge, N., Myers, J., et al. (2021) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.009 · Cited by 7
Early-life adversity programs long-term cytokine and microglia expression within the HPA axis in female Japanese quail.
Walker, D. J., Zimmer, C., Larriva, M., Healy, S. D., & Spencer, K. A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.187039 · Cited by 15
Influence of the inflammasome complex on psychiatric disorders: clinical and preclinical studies
Kwon, S., & Cheon, S. Y. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2021.2005027 · Cited by 9

Authors: Hou, R., Garner, M., Holmes, C., Osmond, C., Teeling, J., Lau, L., & Baldwin, D. S.
Affiliations: University of Southampton (GB)
MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (GB)
University of Cape Town (ZA)
Corresponding author: Hou, Ruihua
ORCID: Hou, Ruihua
Garner, Matthew
Holmes, Clive
Osmond, Clive
Teeling, Jessica
Lau, Laurie
Baldwin, David S.
Venue: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-05
Volume: 62
Pages: 212-218
ISSN: 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.021
PMC: PMC5373436
OpenAlex: W2584247552
Cited by: 191
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 4.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Southampton
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Keywords: generalized anxiety disorder, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune homeostasis, TNF-α, IL-10, interferon-gamma, IL-4, cytokine ratios, depression, serum cytokine levels
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators, Young Adult, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Peripheral inflammatory cytokines and immune balance in Generalised Anxiety Disorder: Case-controlled study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks