Cited by 582COVID-19 and Mental HealthEmployment and Welfare StudiesWorkplace Health and Well-being

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Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce

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Tan, Wanqiu, Hao, Fengyi, McIntyre, Roger S., Jiang, Li, Jiang, Xiaojiang, Zhang, Ling, Zhao, Xinling, Zou, Yiran, Hu, Yirong, Luo, Xi, Zhang, Zhisong, Lai, Andre, Ho, Roger, Tran, Bach, Ho, Cyrus, Tam, Wilson·2020·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055PMC PMC7179503

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Abstract

This study aimed to quantify the immediate psychological effects and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of a workforce returning to work during the COVID-19 epidemic. Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures include precautions at personal and organization levels. From 673 valid questionnaires, we found that 10.8% of respondents met the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning to work. The respondents reported a low prevalence of anxiety (3.8%), depression (3.7%), stress (1.5%) and insomnia (2.3%). There were no significant differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms between workers/technicians and executives/managers. >95% reported psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including good ventilation in the workplace and wore a face mask as protective. Factors that were associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce were marital status, presence of physical symptom, poor physical health and viewing return to work as a health hazard (p < 0.05). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, returning to work had not caused a high level of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce. The low prevalence of psychiatric symptoms could be due to confidence instilled by psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures before the resumption of work. Our findings would provide information for other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Self-citation

Authors: Tan, W., Hao, F., McIntyre, R. S., Jiang, L., Jiang, X., Zhang, L., Zhao, X., Zou, Y., Hu, Y., Luo, X., Zhang, Z., Lai, A., Ho, R., Tran, B., Ho, C., & Tam, W.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
First People's Hospital of Chongqing (CN)
University Health Network (CA)
Army Medical University (CN)
Huaibei Normal University (CN)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Ho, Roger
ORCID: Hao, Fengyi
McIntyre, Roger S.
Zhang, Ling
Zhao, Xinling
Hu, Yirong
Luo, Xi
Zhang, Zhisong
Lai, Andre
Ho, Roger
Tran, Bach
Ho, Cyrus
Tam, Wilson
Venue: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-07
Volume: 87
Pages: 84-92
ISSN: 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.055
PMC: PMC7179503
OpenAlex: W3020153107
Cited by: 582
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 192 · 2020: 153
FWCI: 52.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National University of Singapore
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, return to work, workplace mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, workplace infection prevention, face masks, hand hygiene, workplace ventilation, workplace hygiene
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety, China, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Masks, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychoneuroimmunology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Ventilation, Workplace, Marital Status, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Pandemics, Return to Work, Hand Hygiene

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Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce

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