High-fat diet induces neuroinflammation and reduces the serotonergic response to escitalopram in the hippocampus of obese rats
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Clinical studies indicate that obese individuals have an increased risk of developing co-morbid depressive illness and that these patients have reduced responses to antidepressant therapy, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Obesity, a condition of chronic mild inflammation including obesity-induced neuroinflammation, is proposed to contribute to decreases in synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitters like serotonin (5HT) by decreasing 5HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and/or affecting 5HT reuptake in DRN target regions like the hippocampus. In view of these observations, the goal of the current study was to examine inflammatory markers and serotonergic dynamics in co-morbid obesity and depression. Biochemical and behavioral assays revealed that high-fat diet produced an obesity and depressive-like phenotype in one cohort of rats and that these changes were marked by increases in key pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In real time using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), we observed no changes in basal levels of hippocampal 5HT; however responses to escitalopram were significantly impaired in the hippocampus of obese rats compared to diet resistant rats and control rats. Further studies revealed that these neurochemical observations could be explained by increases in serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the hippocampus driven by elevated neuroinflammation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that obesity-induced increases in neuroinflammation adversely affect SERT expression in the hippocampus of obese rats, thereby providing a potential synaptic mechanism for reduced SSRI responsiveness in obese subjects with co-morbid depressive illness.
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Obesity-induced increases in neuroinflammation suppress serotonin signaling by increasing its clearance from the synaptic cleft in the hippocampus, providing a potential synaptic mechanism for reduced SSRI responsiveness in obese individuals with depression.
“obesity-induced increases in neuroinflammation were recently shown to suppress serotonin signaling by increasing its clearance from the synaptic cleft in the hippocampus [110], findings that provide a potential synaptic mechanism for reduced SSRI responsiveness in obese individuals with depression.”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [110]
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“Similarly, obesity-induced increases in neuroinflammation were recently shown to suppress serotonin signaling by increasing its clearance from the synaptic cleft in the hippocampus [110], findings that provide a potential synaptic mechanism for reduced SSRI responsiveness in obese individuals with depression.”
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Magnolol Ameliorates Depression Through Modulating the TREM2-DOK3-ERK Pathway
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- Authors
- Hersey, M., Woodruff, J. L., Maxwell, N., Sadek, A. T., Bykalo, M. K., Bain, I., Grillo, C. A., Piroli, G. G., Hashemi, P., & Reagan, L. P.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reagan, Lawrence P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Behavior and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 96
- Pages
- 63-72
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8319113
- OpenAlex
- W3161265576
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences
- Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- high-fat diet, obesity, neuroinflammation, serotonin, escitalopram, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, hippocampus, serotonin transporter, depression-like behavior, inflammatory cytokines, antidepressant resistance, dorsal raphe nucleus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hippocampus, Humans, Obesity, Citalopram, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Rats, Diet, High-Fat
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