Regulation of the Human Serotonin Transporter by Interleukin-1β
Abstract
The serotonin transporter expressed in brain, platelets, and placenta is a primary target for antidepressants, cocaine, and amphetamines. Here we report that interleukin-1 beta is a potent regulator of the expression of this transporter. The activity of the serotonin transporter in human JAR choriocarcinoma cells is stimulated by this cytokine and the stimulation is accompanied by an increase in the steady state levels of the transporter mRNAs and in the transporter density. The increase in mRNA levels is effectively blocked by actinomycin D. The stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 beta is not associated with any change in the cellular levels of cAMP, indicating involvement of a cAMP-independent pathway. Even though cholera toxin, which is known to increase cAMP levels, also upregulates the serotonin transporter in JAR cells, the effects of interleukin-1 beta and cholera toxin on the transporter activity are additive. This constitutes the first report on the identification of a physiologically occurring hormone/cytokine which upregulates the expression of the human serotonin transporter gene.
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Proinflammatory cytokines significantly affect the peripheral and central 5-HT systems.
“Proinflammatory cytokines significantly affect the peripheral and central 5-HT systems.”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
IL-1β increases the activity of the 5-HT transporter in vitro.
“In an in vitro study, IL-1β increased the activity of the 5-HT transporter[44], which has a critical role in 5-HT transmission because it facilitates 5-HT reuptake.”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Ramamoorthy, S., Ramamoorthy, J. D., Prasad, P. D., Bhat, G. K., Mahesh, V. B., Leibach, F. H., & Ganapathy, V.
- Affiliations
- Augusta University (US)
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 216
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 560-567
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020188308
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd027487-03)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD27487)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- serotonin transporter, IL-1β, gene expression regulation, cholera toxin, JAR choriocarcinoma cells, placenta, antidepressants
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic AMP, Biological Transport, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Choriocarcinoma, Cocaine, Cycloheximide, Dactinomycin, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Cyclic GMP, Humans, Imipramine, Interleukin-1, Iodine Radioisotopes, Kinetics, Membrane Glycoproteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pregnancy, RNA, Messenger, Serotonin, Time Factors, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Uterine Neoplasms, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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