Differential activation of vasotocin neurons in contexts that elicit aggression and courtship
Abstract
Despite continued study on the neurobiological bases of aggressive and sexual behaviors, it is still not well understood how the brain integrates social information with physiological and neural states to produce context-specific behavioral outcomes. In fishes, manipulation of endogenous levels of arginine vasotocin (AVT) through peripheral and intracerebroventricular pharmacological injections results in significant changes in social behaviors, including aggressive and reproduction-related behaviors. In addition, many features of AVT neurons have been shown to correlate with social status and associated behavioral phenotypes. In this study, we used the immediate early gene egr-1 as a marker for neuronal activity and quantified the number of AVT neurons that were positive for egr-1 mRNA by in situ hybridization in Astatotilapia burtoni males that were exposed to either a social context that would elicit aggression or to one that would elicit courtship. In these social settings, focal males readily displayed context- appropriate bouts of aggression (towards the opponent) or bouts of courting (towards females). We found that males that fought had higher levels of egr-1 expression in the preoptic area compared to courting males. A greater proportion of AVT cells was positive for egr-1 after a fight than after a bout of courting. We mapped mRNA distribution of AVT V1a receptor subtypes v1a1 and v1a2 in the brain and identified overlapping areas of expression in nuclei in the ventral telencephalon, hypothalamus and thalamus as key areas for AVT signaling in males.
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Social defeat increases levels of BDNF in BNSTam of female but not male California mice.
“social defeat increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) in BNSTam of female but not male California mice (31).”
From Oxytocin receptors in the anteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis promote stress-induced social avoidance in female California mice (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
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BackgroundMethodInfluentialSex differences in aggression and its neural substrate in a cichlid fish
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“…and receptors are found throughout the brain (Foran and Bass, 1999; Grober et al., 2002; Kline et al., 2011), important for integrating social stimuli, and reported to have a role in socially regulated reproductive behaviour (Semsar et al., 2001; Huffman et al., 2015; Loveland and Fernald, 2017).”
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“2008; Loveland and Fernald 2017), probably because the peripheral administration of VT fails to stimulate these contrasting circuits in an independent manner.”
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Yan, W., Wang, D., Zhang, X., & Xuan, C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2025.5652 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Candidate transcription factors potentially mediating this regulation include nuclear factor‑ κ B (NF‑ κ B) (39,40), early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) (41,42) and cAMP response element‑binding protein (CREB) (43,44).”
Xu, S., Ma, X., Xiao, Y., Zhang, T., Ma, C., & Ma, Z. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15101463 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Accurate quantification of aggressive behavior is both a vital welfare indicator and a crucial metric for assessing neuromodulatory interventions [18,19].”
Hormones and sexual behavior of teleost fishes
Gonçalves, D., Fusani, B., Cardoso, S. D., & Canário, A. V. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-16009-7.00006-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kareklas, K., Sorigue, P., & Oliveira, R. F. (2025) · Masterclass in neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-80209-6_15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Social Dominance Reorganizes the Transcriptomic Neuropeptidome in a Highly Social Cichlid FishPreprint
Miller-Crews, I., & Hofmann, H. A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622449 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Previous work in A. burtoni demonstrated higher egr-1 expression following aggressive behavior in avp+ magnocellular neurons (63).”
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Regulatory Mechanisms of Male Sexual Behavior by Brain-Derived Estrogens
Scassellati, C., & Bonvicini, C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819641-0.00164-x
The cytoarchitecture of the telencephalon of Labroides dimidiatus (Labridae)Preprint
Chojnacka, D., Boguszewski, P. M., Barski, J. J., & Bshary, R. (2024) · doi:10.32942/x21k62
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- Authors
- Loveland, J. L., & Fernald, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fernald, Russell D.
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 317
- Pages
- 188-203
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2508307990
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (NS034950, MH101373)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- arginine vasotocin, aggression, courtship, EGR1, Astatotilapia burtoni, preoptic area, V1a receptor, social behavior, hypothalamus, thalamus, ventral telencephalon, social status
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Courtship, Female, Fishes, Male, Neurons, Preoptic Area, Random Allocation, RNA, Messenger, Steroids, Testosterone, Vasotocin, Receptors, Vasopressin, Early Growth Response Protein 1
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