The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
qPCR primer design revisited
Open accessAbstract
Primers are arguably the single most critical components of any PCR assay, as their properties control the exquisite specificity and sensitivity that make this method uniquely powerful. Consequently, poor design combined with failure to optimise reaction conditions is likely to result in reduced technical precision and false positive or negative detection of amplification targets. Despite the framework provided by the MIQE guidelines and the accessibility of wide-ranging support from peer-reviewed publications, books and online sources as well as commercial companies, the design of many published assays continues to be less than optimal: primers often lack intended specificity, can form dimers, compete with template secondary structures at the primer binding sites or hybridise only within a narrow temperature range. We present an overview of the main steps in the primer design workflow, with data that illustrate some of the unexpected variability that often occurs when theory is translated into practice. We also strongly urge researchers to report as much information about their assays as possible in their publications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Lee, T. K., Murthy, S. R. K., Cawley, N. X., Dhanvantari, S., Hewitt, S. M., Lou, H., Lau, T. C. M., Ma, S., Huynh, T., WESLEY, R. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci40433 · Cited by 62
RetractedThe MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments
Bustin, S. A., Benes, V., Garson, J. A., Hellemans, J., Huggett, J., Kubista, M., Mueller, R., Nolan, T., Pfaffl, M. W., Shipley, G. L., et al. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797 · Cited by 16,303
Self-citationMfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction
Zuker, M. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkg595 · Cited by 13,404
Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer
Muñoz, N., Bosch, F. X., de Sanjosé, S., Herrero, R., Castellsagué, X., Shah, K. V., Snijders, P. J. F., & Meijer, C. J. L. M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021641 · Cited by 6,249
Quantification of mRNA using real-time RT-PCR
Nolan, T., Hands, R. E., & Bustin, S. A. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.236 · Cited by 2,247
Self-citationThe Thermodynamics of DNA Structural Motifs
SantaLucia, J., & Hicks, D. (2004) · Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure · doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.32.110601.141800 · Cited by 1,314
Huggett, J. F., Foy, C. A., Benes, V., Emslie, K., Garson, J. A., Haynes, R., Hellemans, J., Kubista, M., Mueller, R. D., Nolan, T., et al. (2013) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2013.206375 · Cited by 859
Self-citationZipper, H. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gnh101 · Cited by 791
Bustin, S. A., Beaulieu, J.-F., Huggett, J., Jaggi, R., Kibenge, F. S., Olsvik, P. A., Penning, L. C., & Toegel, S. (2010) · BMC Molecular Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2199-11-74 · Cited by 700
Self-citationForootan, A., Sjöback, R., Björkman, J., Sjögreen, B., Linz, L., & Kubista, M. (2017) · Biomolecular Detection and Quantification · doi:10.1016/j.bdq.2017.04.001 · Cited by 578
Cited by
Salmon, M., White, H. E., Zizkova, H., Gottschalk, A., Motlova, E., Cerveira, N., Colomer, D., Coriu, D., Franke, G. N., Gottardi, E., et al. (2022) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/s41375-022-01612-2 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Bustin, S., & Huggett, J.
- Venue
- Biomolecular Detection and Quantification
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 14
- Pages
- 19-28
- ISSN
- 2214-7535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2768784295
- Cited by
- 312
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 8.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: qPCR primer design revisited. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.bdq.2017.11.001
- The paper
- Bustin, S., & Huggett, J. (2017). qPCR primer design revisited. Biomolecular Detection and Quantification. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bdq.2017.11.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.