Tests of planning and the Bischof-Köhler hypothesis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Open accessAbstract
The Bischof-Köhler hypothesis posits that nonhuman animals cannot plan for future motivational states that differ from a current state. [Naqshbandi, M., Roberts, W.A., 2006. Anticipation of future events in squirrel monkeys Samiri scireus and rats Rattus norvegicus: tests of the Bischof-Köhler hypothesis. J. Comp. Psychol. 120, 345-357] found that two squirrel monkeys that were not thirsty at the time of choice reversed their preference for a larger amount of food when choice of a smaller amount alleviated future thirst. This apparent anticipation of future thirst contradicts the Bischof-Köhler hypothesis. We used the methods described by Naqshbandi and Roberts with rhesus monkey subjects and found that the monkeys did not alter their behavior in anticipation of future thirst. To assess which factors enhance and inhibit the ability to express planning, we then systematically modified the experimental design in four subsequent experiments and found that monkeys that were not thirsty acted to alleviate future thirst only when the delay between their behavior and the contingent outcome was brief. Taken together these results suggest that the inability of rhesus monkeys to display planning resulted from their inability to learn behavior-outcome associations across long-delay intervals as would be expected from traditional accounts of operant learning, rather than from failure to anticipate future motivational states as posited by the Bischof-Köhler hypothesis.
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Rats and Rhesus macaques appear to fail at the future planning task, while squirrel monkeys were successful.
“While rats [162] and Rhesus macaques [163] appear to fail at this task, other monkeys (squirrel monkeys) were successful [162].”
From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [163]
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- Authors
- Paxton, R., & Hampton, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Hampton, Robert R.
- Venue
- Behavioural Processes
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 238-246
- ISSN
- 0376-6357 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2739929
- OpenAlex
- W2016265832
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural Processes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-00 165, P51RR000165)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- planning, rhesus monkeys, thirst, food choice, delay discounting, operant conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Choice Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Learning, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motivation, Thinking, Thirst
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