CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 694Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationSpine and Intervertebral Disc PathologyPregnancy-related medical research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Low back pain (non-specific)

Krismer, M., van Tulder, M.·2007·Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
DOI 10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.004
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is defined as pain localised between the 12th rib and the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain. Most cases are non-specific, but in about 10% of cases a specific cause is identified. Red flags are typical signs or symptoms that are frequently associated with specific LBP. Yellow flags are prognostic factors associated with a more unfavourable and often chronic disabling course of the disease. LBP has a lifetime prevalence of 60-85%. At any one time, about 15% of adults have LBP. LBP poses an economic burden to society, mainly in terms of the large number of work days lost (indirect costs) and less so by direct treatment costs. A substantial proportion of individuals with chronic LBP has been found to have chronic widespread pain. LBP is often associated with other pain manifestations such as headache, abdominal pain and pain in different locations of the extremities. Widespread pain is associated with a worse prognosis compared to localised LBP. Treatment targets are reduction of pain and better activity/participation, including prevention of disability as well as maintainance of work capacity. The evidence from selected and appraised guidelines, systematic reviews and major clinical studies was classified into four levels, level Ia being the best level with evidence from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Key recommendations (level Ia): fitness programmes and advice to stay active can reduce pain, improve function and can prevent LBP becoming chronic. Simple analgesics, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants can reduce pain and can improve and maintain function. Maintaining physical activity, avoiding rest and manual therapy can reduce pain and maintain and restore function in acute LBP. Behavioural treatment can prevent LBP becoming chronic. Aerobic fitness and endurance training, behavioural treatment and multi-disciplinary treatment programmes can reduce pain and can improve/maintain function in chronic LBP.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.004

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. van Tulder, 2002, Low back pain. Best Practice and Research, Clinical Rheumatology, 16, 761
  2. Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärtzeschaft, 2000, Empfehlungen zur Therapie von Kreuzschmerzen, Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung und Qualitätssicherung, 91, 457
  3. Malmivaara, 1999, Clinical practice guidelines of the Finnish Medical Association Duodecim, Diseases of the Low Back. Finland: Finnish Medical Association

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Krismer, M., & van Tulder, M.
Affiliations
Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
Venue
Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-02
Volume
21
Issue
1
Pages
77-91
ISSN
1521-6942 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.berh.2006.08.004
OpenAlex
W2132397892
Cited by
694
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 29
FWCI
2.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
Keywords
low back pain, non-specific low back pain, chronic low back pain, red flags, yellow flags, prevalence, economic burden, chronic widespread pain, disability prevention, physical activity, exercise programmes, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, manual therapy, behavioral interventions, multidisciplinary treatment, prognosis
MeSH terms
Humans, Life Style, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Low Back Pain, Physical Therapy Modalities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review