Motives and Consequences of Alcohol Use in People With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Daily Diary Study
Abstract
People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. Most research exploring social anxiety and alcohol use has examined negative drinking consequences, with less consideration of positive consequences-namely positive social experiences-that may reinforce alcohol use. In this daily diary study, we examined how adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 26) and a psychologically healthy control group (N = 28) experienced positive drinking consequences in naturally occurring drinking episodes during the study period. For 14 consecutive days, participants answered questions about alcohol use, motives for drinking, and positive consequences of drinking. On days when participants drank, those with SAD were more likely than healthy controls to perceive a reduction in anxiety, but the two groups did not differ in their likelihood of experiencing positive social drinking consequences. For both groups, on days when they were more motivated to drink to enhance social experiences (affiliation motives) or cope with distress (coping motives), they were more likely to obtain positive consequences from drinking. Compared to controls, participants with SAD endorsed stronger trait and daily coping motives (anxiety-coping, social anxiety-coping, and depression-coping). Results are discussed in the context of reinforcement mechanisms that may maintain social anxiety and alcohol use.
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Goodman et al found evidence supporting the negative reinforcement hypothesis such that people with social anxiety disorder presented higher coping motives but equal levels of affiliation motives.
“The results of this study yielded evidence supporting the negative reinforcement hypothesis such that people with SAD presented higher coping motives (negative reinforcers) but equal levels of affiliation motives (positive reinforcers).”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
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Using substances to cope with social anxiety: Associations with use and consequences in daily life.
Walukevich-Dienst, K., Calhoun, B. H., Fairlie, A. M., Cadigan, J. M., Patrick, M. E., & Lee, C. M. (2023) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000899 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review
Fernández-Álvarez, J., Colombo, D., Gómez Penedo, J. M., Pierantonelli, M., Baños, R. M., & Botella, C. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/46593 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Goodman, F. R., Brown, B. A., Silva, G. M., Bradford, D. E., Tennen, H., & Kashdan, T. B.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodman, Fallon R.
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 600-613
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4207063402
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (F31-AA024372)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, alcohol consumption, drinking motives, social drinking, need for affiliation, coping motives, anxiety reduction
- MeSH terms
- Phobia, Social, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Anxiety, Humans, Motivation
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