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Oral pharmacokinetics of the anti-HIV efavirenz encapsulated within polymeric micelles
Abstract
Aiming to improve the pediatric pharmacotherapy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, our group has recently developed a concentrated formulation of the first-line antiretroviral efavirenz by means of encapsulation within polymeric micelles. The aqueous solubility of the drug was increased more than 8400 times (up to 34mg/mL) and preliminary preclinical data suggested the significantly greater oral bioavailability with respect to an extemporaneous suspension and an oleous solution (similar to the only "commercially available" pediatric formulation). As the preamble to a bioequivalence trial to evaluate the micellar system in adult healthy volunteers, the present work investigated the effect of parameters such as dose per body weight and drug concentration on the oral pharmacokinetics of the drug. The non-linear pharmacokinetics of the drug was confirmed for all the formulations. Despite the drug concentration and dose, micelles consistently resulted in significantly greater absorption rates, PK parameters increasing up to 3-fold. For example, C(max) values increased from 687, 1789 and 2657ng/mL for the oily system to 1145, 2856 and 7056ng/mL for the micellar one, for EFV doses between 20 and 80mg/kg. Data clearly showed that the smaller the micellar size, the higher the bioavailability attained. The effect of micellar size was also assessed. In addition, a comparison between in vitro dissolution rates of EFV for the different micelles and AUC values suggested that micelles releasing faster in vitro lead to a less pronounced absorption in vivo. These findings would suggest the involvement of additional absorption mechanisms.
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Targeting moieties such as specific surface receptors, transporter proteins, or phage fusion proteins can be conjugated with nanomicelles to bestow desirable delivery capabilities.
“Targeting moieties such as specific surface receptors, transporter proteins or phage fusion proteins can be conjugated with nanomicelles to bestow them with desirable delivery capabilities [11].”
From From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
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“Targeting moieties such as specific surface receptors, transporter proteins or phage fusion proteins can be conjugated with nanomicelles to bestow them with desirable delivery capabilities [11].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Chiappetta, D. A., Hocht, C., Taira, C., & Sosnik, A.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Sosnik, Alejandro
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2379-2387
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001902661
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- efavirenz, polymeric micelles, oral pharmacokinetics, pediatric HIV, antiretroviral drug delivery, bioavailability, micelle size, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, drug absorption, in vitro dissolution, bioequivalence, drug solubility enhancement
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Alkynes, Animals, Cyclopropanes, Dosage Forms, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Micelles, Particle Size, Polymers, Rats, Wistar, Anti-HIV Agents, Area Under Curve, Benzoxazines, Rats
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