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Cited by 109Stress Responses and CortisolChild Abuse and TraumaNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Mild early life stress enhances prefrontal-dependent response inhibition in monkeys

Parker, Karen J., Buckmaster, Christine L., Justus, Katharine R., Schatzberg, Alan F., Lyons, David M.·2005·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.024
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Abstract

Background Severely stressful early experiences have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In contrast, exposure to mild early life stress (i.e., stress inoculation) strengthens emotional and neuroendocrine resistance to subsequent stressors. Herein we extend this research to examine the effects of mild early life stress on cognition. Methods Squirrel monkeys were randomized to a mild intermittent stress (IS; n = 11) or nonstress (NS; n = 9) condition from 17 to 27 weeks postpartum. At 1.5 years of age, monkeys were assessed for response inhibition on a test previously shown to reflect prefrontal-dependent cognitive function. Results IS monkeys demonstrated fewer response inhibition errors compared with NS monkeys. There were no rearing-related differences in aspects of performance that did not require inhibitory control. Compared with NS monkeys, IS monkeys had lower basal plasma pituitary-adrenal stress hormone levels. No rearing-related differences on neuroendocrine measures obtained 15 minutes after testing were found. Conclusions Results from this experiment provide the first evidence that exposure to mildly stressful early experiences improves prefrontal-dependent response inhibition in primates. Combined with our previous data, findings from this animal model suggest that exposure to mild early life stress may enhance the development of brain systems that regulate emotional, neuroendocrine, and cognitive control.

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  • Exposure to a mild stress, such as a juvenile monkey learning that the mother will return after a short separation, seems to encourage resilient responses to stress in adulthood and reduces glucocorticoid receptor expression in the dorsolateral PFC.

    “By contrast, exposure to a mild stress, for example when a juvenile monkey learns that the mother will return after a short period of separation, seems to encourage resilient responses to stress in adulthood123 and reduces glucocorticoid receptor expression in the dorsolateral PFC124.”

    From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Moderate stress exposure in nonhuman primates is associated with lower cortisol following stress and decreased anxiety, as well as increased prefrontal volume and enhanced prefrontal function.

    “Research on nonhuman primates has shown that moderate stress exposure is associated with lower cortisol following stress and decreased anxiety (Parker et al., 2004), as well as increased prefrontal volume and enhanced prefrontal function (Parker et al., 2005, Katz et al., 2009).”

    From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Parker et al., 2005

  • Early care and controlled experience with stress help produce an overall lower level of physiological reactivity to stress.

    “The idea here, which finds support in the animal literature (Catalani et al., 1993; Parker, Buckmaster, Justus, Schatzberg, & Lyons, 2005), is that early care and controlled experience with stress help to produce an overall lower level of physiological reactivity to stress.”

    From Stress and the development of self-regulation in context (2010) · cites this paper as Parker, Buckmaster, Justus, Schatzberg, & Lyons, 2005

  • Separated monkeys showed enhanced response inhibition to previously rewarding stimuli, suggesting improved cognitive control.

    “Separated monkeys also demonstrated enhanced response inhibition to previously rewarding stimuli, suggesting improved cognitive control of behavior45.”

    From Neurobiology of resilience (2012) · cites this paper as [45]

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Authors
Parker, K. J., Buckmaster, C. L., Justus, K. R., Schatzberg, A. F., & Lyons, D. M.
Affiliations
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Parker, Karen J.
ORCID
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-04
Volume
57
Issue
8
Pages
848-855
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.024
OpenAlex
W2039069315
Cited by
109
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
2.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH066537, MH-47573, R01MH050604, MH50604, R01MH047573)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016902, DA16902)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
early life stress, stress inoculation training, response inhibition, inhibitory control, prefrontal cortex, squirrel monkey, neuroendocrine stress response, plasma cortisol, postpartum stress, cognitive development
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Animals, Cognition, Conditioning, Operant, Female, Hormones, Functional Laterality, Male, Neurosecretory Systems, Pituitary Hormones, Saimiri, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Prefrontal Cortex

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