Socioeconomic Status and Health: Mediating and Moderating Factors
Abstract
Health disparities (differences in health by socioeconomic groups) are a pressing issue in our society. This article provides an overview of a multilevel approach that seeks to understand the mechanisms underlying health disparities by considering factors at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels. In addition, we describe an approach to connecting these factors to various levels of biological processes (systemic inflammation, cellular processes, and genomic pathways) that drive disease pathophysiology. In the second half of the article, we address the question of why some low-socioeconomic-status (low-SES) individuals manage to maintain good physical health. We identify naturally occurring psychosocial factors that help buffer these individuals from adverse physiological responses and pathogenic processes leading to chronic disease. What is protective for low-SES individuals is not the same as what is protective for high-SES individuals, and this needs to be taken into account in interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.
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There is substantial heterogeneity in health within lower as well as upper socioeconomic strata.
“there is still substantial heterogeneity in health within lower as well as upper socioeconomic strata (5)”
From Socioeconomic Status Interacts with Conscientiousness and Neuroticism to Predict Circulating Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers (2017) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citationMedical mistrust among women with intersecting marginalized identities: a scoping review
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Predicting postpartum depression among adolescent mothers: A systematic review of risk
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Inequalities of Income and Inequalities of Longevity: A Cross-Country Study
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National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2005
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Socioeconomic Status, Daily Affective and Social Experiences, and Inflammation During Adolescence
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Socioeconomic status as a moderator between frailty and mortality at old ages
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Social inequalities in health in nonhuman primates
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Media exposure and language for toddlers from low-income homes
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Childhood adversity, social support, and telomere length among perinatal women
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Socioeconomic deprivation increases the risk of disability in multiple sclerosis patients
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Do wealth and inequality associate with health in a small-scale subsistence society?
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Drivers of Vegetable Consumption in Urban Nigeria: Food Choice Motives, Knowledge, and Self-Efficacy
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Associations Between Purpose in Life and Mortality by SES
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Parenting During a Pandemic: Predictors of Parental Burnout
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The effects of caregiver depression on childhood asthma
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Socioeconomic Status, Diet, and Behavioral Factors and Cardiometabolic Diseases and Mortality
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“In spite of such health differentials, there is still substantial heterogeneity in health within lower as well as upper socioeconomic strata [5] and, accordingly, considerable interest in identifying factors associated with relative resilience or susceptibility to the adverse health effects of low SES [6].”
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Social Inequality and Mental Health in Chile, Ecuador, and Colombia
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- Authors
- Chen, E., & Miller, G. E.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-03-28
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 723-749
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- OpenAlex
- W2142659997
- Semantic Scholar
- e45723175f706c8b17c3b99a218204d7463a4076
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN: 97872)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD058502, R01HD058502)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, health disparities, low socioeconomic status, multilevel analysis, neighborhood effects, family factors, systemic inflammation, genomic pathways, cellular processes, disease pathophysiology, protective factors, psychosocial factors, chronic disease, health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Social Class, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Health Status Disparities, Resilience, Psychological
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